| WB | 咨询技术 | Human,Mouse,Rat |
| IF | 咨询技术 | Human,Mouse,Rat |
| IHC | 咨询技术 | Human,Mouse,Rat |
| ICC | 技术咨询 | Human,Mouse,Rat |
| FCM | 咨询技术 | Human,Mouse,Rat |
| Elisa | 咨询技术 | Human,Mouse,Rat |
| Host/Isotype | Mouse IgG1 |
| Antibody Type | Primary antibody |
| Storage | Store at 4°C short term. Aliquot and store at -20°C long term. Avoid freeze/thaw cycles. |
| Species Reactivity | Human |
| Immunogen | Purified recombinant fragment of human IL21 |
| Formulation | Purified antibody in PBS with 0.05% sodium azide |
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以下是关于IL-21抗体的3篇代表性文献的简化示例(注：文献为虚构示例，建议通过学术数据库核实真实研究)：
1. **文献名称**：*Targeting IL-21 Signaling with a Novel Antibody Attenuates Autoimmunity in Murine Lupus*
**作者**：Wang L, et al.
**摘要**：研究开发了一种靶向IL-21的中和抗体，在狼疮小鼠模型中显著降低自身抗体水平，抑制滤泡辅助T细胞(Tfh)扩增，改善肾脏病理损伤。
2. **文献名称**：*Anti-IL21 Receptor Antibody Enhances Antitumor Immunity by Modulating CD8+ T Cell Exhaustion*
**作者**：Garcia R, et al.
**摘要**：通过阻断IL-21受体信号，该抗体逆转了肿瘤微环境中CD8+ T细胞的耗竭表型，增强抗肿瘤活性，并在黑色素瘤小鼠模型中延长生存期。
3. **文献名称**：*IL-21 Neutralization in Humanized Mouse Models of Rheumatoid Arthritis Reduces Synovial Inflammation*
**作者**：Kumar S, et al.
**摘要**：使用人源化抗IL-21抗体治疗类风湿性关节炎小鼠模型，发现其通过抑制Th17细胞分化和促炎因子分泌，显著减轻关节炎症和骨侵蚀。
如需具体文献，建议在PubMed或Google Scholar中检索关键词“IL-21 antibody therapy”“anti-IL21 clinical trial”等。
Interleukin-21 (IL-21) is a pleiotropic cytokine belonging to the common γ-chain receptor family, primarily produced by activated CD4+ T cells, particularly follicular helper T (Tfh) and Th17 cells. It plays critical roles in modulating immune responses, including promoting B cell differentiation, enhancing cytotoxic activity of CD8+ T cells and NK cells, and regulating immunoglobulin production. Dysregulation of IL-21 signaling is implicated in autoimmune diseases (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis, lupus), inflammatory disorders, and cancers, making it a therapeutic target.
IL-21 antibodies are engineered molecules designed to either block IL-21 interaction with its receptor (neutralizing antibodies) or target IL-21-producing cells. Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies against IL-21 or its receptor (IL-21R) aim to suppress pathogenic immune activation in autoimmune conditions. Conversely, agonist antibodies may enhance IL-21-mediated antitumor immunity in cancer immunotherapy.
Research tools like anti-IL-21 antibodies are widely used to study IL-21 expression patterns and signaling pathways. Challenges include balancing therapeutic efficacy with potential immunosuppressive risks and optimizing tissue-specific targeting. Several preclinical and early clinical trials are exploring IL-21 antibodies, though none have yet reached widespread clinical use, reflecting the cytokine's complex dual role in immunity.
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