Rabbit Polyclonal HLA-DQA1 Antibody

The HLA-DQA1 gene, part of the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) complex on chromosome 6. encodes the alpha subunit of the HLA-DQ heterodimer, a class II MHC molecule critical for antigen presentation to CD4+ T cells. HLA-DQA1 antibodies specifically target this subunit and are implicated in immune-mediated disorders. These antibodies often arise due to mismatched HLA antigens, such as after blood transfusions, pregnancy, or organ transplantation, where they contribute to graft rejection by recognizing donor-derived HLA-DQ molecules. In autoimmune diseases, HLA-DQA1 polymorphisms are strongly associated with susceptibility to conditions like celiac disease (where specific DQA1*05 variants form risk haplotypes with DQB1*02) and type 1 diabetes. Antibodies against HLA-DQA1 may also play a pathogenic role in certain autoimmune contexts by promoting aberrant immune activation. Clinically, detecting HLA-DQA1 antibodies is crucial in transplant medicine for donor-recipient compatibility assessments and monitoring post-transplant alloimmunity. However, their diagnostic utility in autoimmune diseases remains less defined compared to genetic HLA typing. Research continues to explore mechanistic links between HLA-DQA1 epitopes, antibody-mediated immune responses, and disease progression, with implications for personalized therapies and immune risk stratification.