Rabbit Polyclonal Phospho-Smad2/3(Thr8) Antibody

The Phospho-Smad2/3 (Thr8) antibody is a specialized tool used to detect Smad2 and Smad3 proteins phosphorylated at threonine 8. a post-translational modification critical for regulating their activity in transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) signaling. Smad2 and Smad3 are intracellular mediators that transmit signals from TGF-β superfamily receptors to the nucleus, modulating gene expression involved in cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and immune responses. Upon TGF-β receptor activation, Smad2/3 are phosphorylated at specific C-terminal serine residues (e.g., Smad2 Ser465/467. Smad3 Ser423/425), enabling their oligomerization with Smad4 and nuclear translocation. Phosphorylation at Thr8. located in the N-terminal Mad homology domain (MH1), is less characterized but may regulate Smad2/3 interactions, stability, or cross-talk with other signaling pathways, such as MAPK. This antibody aids in studying context-specific phosphorylation events, particularly in diseases like fibrosis, cancer, and autoimmune disorders where aberrant TGF-β signaling is implicated. Validation often includes knockout controls or peptide competition to confirm specificity. Researchers use it in techniques like Western blotting, immunofluorescence, or immunohistochemistry to explore Smad2/3 activation dynamics, offering insights into pathway regulation and therapeutic targeting. Its application underscores the complexity of Smad signaling beyond canonical C-terminal phosphorylation.