Mouse Monoclonal CD40 Antibody

CD40. a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) superfamily, is expressed on antigen-presenting cells (APCs) like dendritic cells, B cells, and macrophages. Its interaction with CD40 ligand (CD40L/CD154) on T cells is critical for adaptive immunity, enabling T cell activation, B cell differentiation, and antibody class switching. CD40-targeting antibodies are designed to modulate this pathway for therapeutic purposes. Agonistic CD40 antibodies (e.g., APX005M, CDX-1140) mimic CD40L binding, activating APCs to enhance anti-tumor immune responses. These are explored in cancer immunotherapy, often combined with chemotherapy or checkpoint inhibitors (e.g., anti-PD-1) to amplify efficacy. Conversely, antagonistic CD40 antibodies (e.g., lucatumumab) block CD40-CD40L interaction, suppressing hyperactive immune signaling in autoimmune diseases (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis) or transplant rejection. Preclinical studies highlight CD40's dual role: agonists promote dendritic cell maturation and tumor antigen presentation, while antagonists reduce pathogenic inflammation. Clinical trials show mixed outcomes, with challenges like cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and limited efficacy in certain cancers. Research continues to optimize dosing, delivery (e.g., intratumoral administration), and combination strategies. CD40 antibodies represent a versatile tool to tip the immune balance toward activation or tolerance, depending on disease context, though fine-tuning safety and specificity remains key for clinical translation.