| 纯度 | > 85 % SDS-PAGE. |
| 种属 | Human |
| 靶点 | AICDA |
| Uniprot No | Q9GZX7 |
| 内毒素 | < 0.01EU/μg |
| 表达宿主 | E.coli |
| 表达区间 | 1-198aa |
| 氨基酸序列 | MGSSHHHHHHSSGLVPRGSHMDSLLMNRRKFLYQFKNVRWAKGRRETYLC YVVKRRDSATSFSLDFGYLRNKNGCHVELLFLRYISDWDLDPGRCYRVTW FTSWSPCYDCARHVADFLRGNPNLSLRIFTARLYFCEDRKAEPEGLRRLH RAGVQIAIMTFKDYFYCWNTFVENHERTFKAWEGLHENSVRLSRQLRRIL LPLYEVDDLRDAFRTLGL |
| 预测分子量 | 26 kDa |
| 蛋白标签 | His tag N-Terminus |
| 缓冲液 | PBS, pH7.4, containing 0.01% SKL, 1mM DTT, 5% Trehalose and Proclin300. |
| 稳定性 & 储存条件 | Lyophilized protein should be stored at ≤ -20°C, stable for one year after receipt. Reconstituted protein solution can be stored at 2-8°C for 2-7 days. Aliquots of reconstituted samples are stable at ≤ -20°C for 3 months. |
| 复溶 | Always centrifuge tubes before opening.Do not mix by vortex or pipetting. It is not recommended to reconstitute to a concentration less than 100μg/ml. Dissolve the lyophilized protein in distilled water. Please aliquot the reconstituted solution to minimize freeze-thaw cycles. |
以下是3-4条关于AICDA重组蛋白的参考文献及其摘要概括：
1. **"Biochemical characterization of recombinant activation-induced cytidine deaminase"**
*作者：Conticello et al.*
**摘要**：研究通过大肠杆菌表达系统纯化AICDA重组蛋白，验证其体外催化DNA胞嘧啶脱氨的活性，揭示其依赖单链DNA底物及锌离子结合的关键功能域。
2. **"AID recombinant protein engineering for targeted genome editing"**
*作者：Nishida et al.*
**摘要**：报道改造AICDA重组蛋白(融合Cas9蛋白)，构建新型基因编辑工具，证明其可在特定基因组位点诱导高效C→T突变，拓展基因治疗应用潜力。
3. **"Structural insights into the mechanism of AICDA-mediated antibody diversification"**
*作者：Pham et al.*
**摘要**：通过X射线晶体学解析AICDA重组蛋白结构，揭示其与单链DNA结合的模式及活性位点构象，阐明其在体细胞超突变中的分子机制。
4. **"Functional analysis of AICDA mutants in immunodeficiency disorders"**
*作者：Revy et al.*
**摘要**：利用重组AICDA突变体蛋白进行体外功能实验，发现特定氨基酸突变导致脱氨酶活性丧失，解释了某些免疫缺陷疾病的分子病理机制。
(注：以上文献为示例，实际引用需根据具体研究补充真实来源。)
AICDA (Activation-Induced Cytidine Deaminase), also known as AID, is a DNA-editing enzyme central to adaptive immunity. It was first identified in 1999 for its role in generating antibody diversity in activated B cells. Structurally, it belongs to the APOBEC family of cytidine deaminases, featuring a zinc-coordinating catalytic domain critical for its enzymatic activity.
This protein drives two key processes in immunoglobulin gene diversification: somatic hypermutation (SHM) and class-switch recombination (CSR). During SHM, AICDA introduces point mutations in immunoglobulin variable regions, enabling antibody affinity maturation. In CSR, it facilitates DNA breaks that allow antibody isotype switching. The enzyme achieves this by deaminating cytosine to uracil in single-stranded DNA, creating mismatches that trigger error-prone repair mechanisms or double-strand breaks.
AICDA expression is tightly regulated, primarily induced in germinal center B cells through CD40 signaling and cytokine stimulation (e.g., IL-4). Its activity must be precisely controlled, as off-target effects can lead to genomic instability and oncogenic translocations associated with B-cell malignancies like lymphoma.
Recombinant AICDA proteins are engineered for research and therapeutic applications. Produced through bacterial or eukaryotic expression systems, these purified proteins retain enzymatic activity and are used to study DNA-editing mechanisms, develop inhibitors for cancer therapy, and engineer novel genome-editing tools. Recent studies also explore AICDA's potential in targeted mutagenesis approaches, leveraging its DNA-modifying capability while attempting to minimize collateral genomic damage. Its unique ability to initiate site-specific DNA breaks continues to make it a valuable subject in both immunology and genetic engineering research.
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