| 纯度 | >90%SDS-PAGE. |
| 种属 | Human |
| 靶点 | CYCS |
| Uniprot No | P99999 |
| 内毒素 | < 0.01EU/μg |
| 表达宿主 | E.coli |
| 表达区间 | 1-105aa |
| 氨基酸序列 | MGDVEKGKKIFIMKCSQCHTVEKGGKHKTGPNLHGLFGRKTGQAPGYSYT AANKNKGIIWGEDTLMEYLENPKKYIPGTKMIFVGIKKKEERADLIAYLK KATNE |
| 预测分子量 | 37 kDa |
| 蛋白标签 | His tag N-Terminus |
| 缓冲液 | PBS, pH7.4, containing 0.01% SKL, 1mM DTT, 5% Trehalose and Proclin300. |
| 稳定性 & 储存条件 | Lyophilized protein should be stored at ≤ -20°C, stable for one year after receipt. Reconstituted protein solution can be stored at 2-8°C for 2-7 days. Aliquots of reconstituted samples are stable at ≤ -20°C for 3 months. |
| 复溶 | Always centrifuge tubes before opening.Do not mix by vortex or pipetting. It is not recommended to reconstitute to a concentration less than 100μg/ml. Dissolve the lyophilized protein in distilled water. Please aliquot the reconstituted solution to minimize freeze-thaw cycles. |
以下是关于CYCS(Cytochrome C)重组蛋白的3篇参考文献示例，涵盖表达、功能及应用研究：
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1. **文献名称**: *"Recombinant human cytochrome c expressed in E. coli reveals a role for conformational dynamics in function"*
**作者**: Li et al. (2018)
**摘要**: 研究利用大肠杆菌表达重组人细胞色素C，通过核磁共振分析其构象动态，揭示了构象变化在电子传递及凋亡信号中的作用。
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2. **文献名称**: *"Expression and purification of functional horse cytochrome c in yeast: Implications for mitochondrial studies"*
**作者**: García-Heredia et al. (2012)
**摘要**: 报道在酵母系统中重组表达马源细胞色素C，优化纯化流程并验证其在体外线粒体电子传递链中的活性，为功能研究提供高效方法。
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3. **文献名称**: *"Recombinant cytochrome c delivery into cells using cell-penetrating peptides: A novel approach for apoptosis modulation"*
**作者**: Smith et al. (2020)
**摘要**: 开发基于穿膜肽递送重组CYCS至癌细胞的策略，证明其可诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡，为靶向治疗提供新思路。
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注：上述文献信息为示例性质，实际引用时需核实具体来源及细节。建议通过PubMed或Web of Science以“recombinant cytochrome c”为关键词检索最新研究。
CYCS, or cytochrome c, is a small, evolutionarily conserved heme-containing protein primarily located in the mitochondrial intermembrane space. It plays a dual role in cellular processes: as an essential component of the electron transport chain (ETC) and as a key mediator of apoptosis. In the ETC, CYCS transfers electrons between Complex III (cytochrome bc1) and Complex IV (cytochrome c oxidase), supporting ATP synthesis. During apoptosis, stress signals trigger mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP), releasing CYCS into the cytosol. There, it binds to Apaf-1. forming the apoptosome, which activates caspase cascades to execute programmed cell death.
Recombinant CYCS protein is produced using genetic engineering techniques, often expressed in bacterial systems like *E. coli* or eukaryotic hosts such as yeast. The recombinant form retains structural and functional integrity, including proper heme coordination and redox activity. Its production enables standardized studies of mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis regulation, and oxidative stress mechanisms. Researchers employ recombinant CYCS to investigate diseases linked to mitochondrial anomalies, such as cancer, neurodegenerative disorders (e.g., Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s), and ischemia-reperfusion injury. It also serves as a critical tool in drug discovery, particularly for compounds targeting apoptosis pathways or modulating electron transport efficiency.
Additionally, recombinant CYCS is used in diagnostic assays and as a reference protein in comparative studies of evolutionary biology due to its high conservation across species. Its versatility underscores its importance in both basic research and therapeutic development.
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