| 纯度 | >85%SDS-PAGE. |
| 种属 | Human |
| 靶点 | Smad9 |
| Uniprot No | O15198 |
| 内毒素 | < 0.01EU/μg |
| 表达宿主 | E.coli |
| 表达区间 | 1-467aa |
| 氨基酸序列 | MHSTTPISSLFSFTSPAVKRLLGWKQGDEEEKWAEKAVDSLVKKLKKKKG AMDELERALSCPGQPSKCVTIPRSLDGRLQVSHRKGLPHVIYCRVWRWPD LQSHHELKPLECCEFPFGSKQKEVCINPYHYRRVETPVLPPVLVPRHSEY NPQLSLLAKFRSASLHSEPLMPHNATYPDSFQQPPCSALPPSPSHAFSQS PCTASYPHSPGSPSEPESPYQHSVDTPPLPYHATEASETQSGQPVDATAD RHVVLSIPNGDFRPVCYEEPQHWCSVAYYELNNRVGETFQASSRSVLIDG FTDPSNNRNRFCLGLLSNVNRNSTIENTRRHIGKGVHLYYVGGEVYAECV SDSSIFVQSRNCNYQHGFHPATVCKIPSGCSLKVFNNQLFAQLLAQSVHH GFEVVYELTKMCTIRMSFVKGWGAEYHRQDVTSTPCWIEIHLHGPLQWLD KVLTQMGSPHNPISSVS |
| 预测分子量 | 86 kDa |
| 蛋白标签 | His tag N-Terminus |
| 缓冲液 | PBS, pH7.4, containing 0.01% SKL, 1mM DTT, 5% Trehalose and Proclin300. |
| 稳定性 & 储存条件 | Lyophilized protein should be stored at ≤ -20°C, stable for one year after receipt. Reconstituted protein solution can be stored at 2-8°C for 2-7 days. Aliquots of reconstituted samples are stable at ≤ -20°C for 3 months. |
| 复溶 | Always centrifuge tubes before opening.Do not mix by vortex or pipetting. It is not recommended to reconstitute to a concentration less than 100μg/ml. Dissolve the lyophilized protein in distilled water. Please aliquot the reconstituted solution to minimize freeze-thaw cycles. |
以下是3篇关于Smad9重组蛋白的参考文献及其摘要概括：
1. **文献名称**：*"Recombinant Smad9 induces chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells in vitro"*
**作者**：Li Y, Chen X, Yang Z
**摘要**：该研究通过表达并纯化重组Smad9蛋白，发现其可激活BMP信号通路，促进间充质干细胞向软骨细胞分化，为软骨再生治疗提供了潜在策略。
2. **文献名称**：*"Structural insights into Smad9 recognition by the hepatitis B virus X protein"*
**作者**：Wang H, Zhang Q, Liu T
**摘要**：利用重组Smad9蛋白进行结构解析，揭示了乙型肝炎病毒X蛋白通过结合Smad9的MH2结构域干扰TGF-β信号传导的分子机制。
3. **文献名称**：*"Optimization of recombinant Smad9 expression in E. coli for functional studies"*
**作者**：Kim S, Park JH, Lee SM
**摘要**：报道了在大肠杆菌系统中优化Smad9重组蛋白的可溶性表达条件，并通过体外磷酸化实验验证其生物学活性，为高通量筛选Smad9抑制剂奠定基础。
4. **文献名称**：*"Smad9 mutations alter BMP signaling in pulmonary arterial hypertension models"*
**作者**：Machado RD, Southgate L, Eichstaedt CA
**摘要**：通过重组Smad9突变体蛋白的功能研究，发现特定位点突变导致BMP信号受损，与遗传性肺动脉高压发病相关。
**Background of Smad9 Recombinant Protein**
Smad9. also known as Smad8 or MADH6. belongs to the Smad family of intracellular signaling proteins that mediate transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) superfamily signaling pathways. These pathways regulate diverse cellular processes, including proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and extracellular matrix production. Smad proteins are categorized into three classes: receptor-regulated Smads (R-Smads, e.g., Smad1/5/9), common-mediator Smads (Co-Smads, e.g., Smad4), and inhibitory Smads (I-Smads, e.g., Smad6/7). Smad9 primarily transduces signals from bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), a subgroup of the TGF-β superfamily, which are critical in embryonic development, skeletal formation, and tissue homeostasis.
Structurally, Smad9 contains two conserved domains: the Mad homology 1 (MH1) domain, which binds DNA, and the MH2 domain, responsible for protein-protein interactions and transcriptional regulation. Unlike R-Smads activated by TGF-β/activin pathways (e.g., Smad2/3), Smad9 is phosphorylated by BMP type I receptors upon ligand binding, forming complexes with Smad4. These complexes translocate to the nucleus to regulate target gene expression. However, Smad9 also exhibits inhibitory functions by competing with other R-Smads for receptor binding or recruiting phosphatases to deactivate signaling.
Recombinant Smad9 protein is produced using expression systems (e.g., *E. coli* or mammalian cells) to study its biochemical properties, interactions, and role in BMP signaling. Its applications include elucidating TGF-β/BMP pathway mechanisms, modeling diseases linked to Smad9 dysregulation (e.g., pulmonary arterial hypertension, skeletal disorders), and screening therapeutic agents targeting BMP signaling. The availability of purified, functional Smad9 recombinant protein has significantly advanced research into cellular signaling networks and their implications in development and disease.
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