| 纯度 | >85%SDS-PAGE. |
| 种属 | Human |
| 靶点 | Smad6 |
| Uniprot No | O43541 |
| 内毒素 | < 0.01EU/μg |
| 表达宿主 | E.coli |
| 表达区间 | 1-496aa |
| 氨基酸序列 | MFRSKRSGLVRRLWRSRVVPDREEGGSGGGGGGDEDGSLGSRAEPAPRAR EGGGCGRSEVRPVAPRRPRDAVGQRGAQGAGRRRRAGGPPRPMSEPGAGA GSSLLDVAEPGGPGWLPESDCETVTCCLFSERDAAGAPRDASDPLAGAAL EPAGGGRSREARSRLLLLEQELKTVTYSLLKRLKERSLDTLLEAVESRGG VPGGCVLVPRADLRLGGQPAPPQLLLGRLFRWPDLQHAVELKPLCGCHSF AAAADGPTVCCNPYHFSRLCGPESPPPPYSRLSPRDEYKPLDLSDSTLSY TETEATNSLITAPGEFSDASMSPDATKPSHWCSVAYWEHRTRVGRLYAVY DQAVSIFYDLPQGSGFCLGQLNLEQRSESVRRTRSKIGFGILLSKEPDGV WAYNRGEHPIFVNSPTLDAPGGRALVVRKVPPGYSIKVFDFERSGLQHAP EPDAADGPYDPNSVRISFAKGWGPCYSRQFITSCPCWLEILLNNPR |
| 预测分子量 | 53 kDa |
| 蛋白标签 | His tag N-Terminus |
| 缓冲液 | PBS, pH7.4, containing 0.01% SKL, 1mM DTT, 5% Trehalose and Proclin300. |
| 稳定性 & 储存条件 | Lyophilized protein should be stored at ≤ -20°C, stable for one year after receipt. Reconstituted protein solution can be stored at 2-8°C for 2-7 days. Aliquots of reconstituted samples are stable at ≤ -20°C for 3 months. |
| 复溶 | Always centrifuge tubes before opening.Do not mix by vortex or pipetting. It is not recommended to reconstitute to a concentration less than 100μg/ml. Dissolve the lyophilized protein in distilled water. Please aliquot the reconstituted solution to minimize freeze-thaw cycles. |
以下是关于Smad6重组蛋白的3条参考文献示例(注：文献信息为模拟生成，仅供参考)：
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1. **文献名称**：**"Smad6 inhibits BMP/Smad1 signaling by specifically competing with Smad4"**
**作者**：Imamura T., et al.
**摘要**：该研究通过表达重组Smad6蛋白，揭示了其通过直接结合BMP信号通路中的Smad1.并竞争性抑制Smad4的募集，从而负调控BMP信号传导的分子机制。实验表明重组Smad6在体外显著阻断Smad1磷酸化及下游靶基因激活。
2. **文献名称**：**"Structural basis of Smad6-mediated regulation of TGF-β superfamily signaling"**
**作者**：Miyazawa K., Miyazono K.
**摘要**：本研究利用重组人Smad6蛋白进行X射线晶体学分析，解析了其MH2结构域与BMP受体相互作用的三维结构，阐明了Smad6通过空间位阻效应阻止激活型Smad(如Smad1/5)与受体结合的分子机制。
3. **文献名称**：**"Recombinant Smad6 attenuates cardiac fibrosis via suppressing TGF-β1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition"**
**作者**：Chen Y., et al.
**摘要**：研究通过大肠杆菌表达系统制备高纯度重组Smad6蛋白，并在细胞模型中验证其抑制TGF-β1诱导的上皮-间质转化(EMT)的作用。动物实验进一步表明，外源性Smad6可减轻心肌纤维化，提示其治疗潜力。
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**注**：以上文献信息为基于领域知识的模拟生成，实际引用时请核实真实文献来源(推荐检索PubMed、Web of Science等平台，关键词：Smad6 recombinant protein, inhibitory function, structural analysis)。
Smad6 is a member of the inhibitory Smad (I-Smad) family, which plays a critical role in regulating the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) signaling pathway. Unlike receptor-regulated Smads (R-Smads) that mediate signal transduction, Smad6 acts as a negative feedback regulator to modulate the intensity and duration of TGF-β, bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), and activin signaling. It functions by competitively binding to activated type I receptors, preventing the phosphorylation of R-Smads, or recruiting ubiquitin ligases to degrade signaling components. This regulatory mechanism is essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis, embryonic development, and tissue repair, while its dysregulation is linked to fibrosis, cancer, and immune disorders.
Recombinant Smad6 protein is engineered through molecular cloning and expression systems (e.g., bacterial, insect, or mammalian cells) to produce a purified, functional form of the protein for research. It typically retains key structural domains: an N-terminal Mad homology 1 (MH1) domain for DNA binding, a C-terminal MH2 domain for receptor interaction, and a linker region. Tags such as GST or His are often added to facilitate purification and detection.
In research, recombinant Smad6 is widely used to study TGF-β/BMP pathway dynamics, including its interplay with other signaling cascades (e.g., Wnt, MAPK) and its role in cellular processes like apoptosis, differentiation, and inflammation. It also serves as a tool to inhibit Smad-dependent signaling in vitro or in vivo, aiding in the exploration of therapeutic targets for diseases driven by excessive TGF-β activity, such as metastatic cancers or fibrotic conditions. Additionally, structural studies using recombinant Smad6 have elucidated mechanisms of receptor interaction and post-translational modifications, providing insights for drug design. Its application extends to developmental biology, where it helps dissect BMP-mediated patterning and organogenesis.
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