Rabbit Polyclonal ATP1A2 Antibody

The ATP1A2 antibody targets the α2 subunit of the Na+/K+ ATPase, an ion transporter critical for maintaining electrochemical gradients across cell membranes. Expressed predominantly in astrocytes, the ATP1A2 protein regulates extracellular potassium levels, supporting neuronal excitability and synaptic function. Autoantibodies against ATP1A2 are rare but implicated in autoimmune neurological disorders. Initially linked to familial hemiplegic migraine type 2 (due to genetic ATP1A2 mutations), ATP1A2 antibodies were later identified in acquired autoimmune conditions. They are associated with autoimmune encephalitis (AE), neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD), and atypical demyelinating syndromes. These antibodies likely disrupt ion homeostasis, leading to astrocytic dysfunction, cortical spreading depolarization, or neuroinflammation. Clinically, patients may present with seizures, encephalopathy, motor deficits, or migraine-like episodes. Detection involves cell-based assays or tissue immunohistochemistry. Immunotherapies (steroids, IVIg, rituximab) often yield partial or complete recovery, emphasizing an autoimmune etiology. Research continues to clarify pathogenic mechanisms, clinical phenotypes, and optimal treatment strategies for ATP1A2 antibody-related disorders.