| 纯度 | >90%SDS-PAGE. |
| 种属 | Human |
| 靶点 | Smad1 |
| Uniprot No | Q15797 |
| 内毒素 | < 0.01EU/μg |
| 表达宿主 | E.coli |
| 表达区间 | 1-465aa |
| 氨基酸序列 | MNVTSLFSFT SPAVKRLLGW KQGDEEEKWA EKAVDALVKK LKKKKGAMEE LEKALSCPGQ PSNCVTIPRS LDGRLQVSHR KGLPHVIYCR VWRWPDLQSH HELKPLECCE FPFGSKQKEV CINPYHYKRV ESPVLPPVLV PRHSEYNPQH SLLAQFRNLG QNEPHMPLNA TFPDSFQQPN SHPFPHSPNS SYPNSPGSSS STYPHSPTSS DPGSPFQMPA DTPPPAYLPP EDPMTQDGSQ PMDTNMMAPP LPSEINRGDV QAVAYEEPKH WCSIVYYELN NRVGEAFHAS STSVLVDGFT DPSNNKNRFC LGLLSNVNRN STIENTRRHI GKGVHLYYVG GEVYAECLSD SSIFVQSRNC NYHHGFHPTT VCKIPSGCSL KIFNNQEFAQ LLAQSVNHGF ETVYELTKMC TIRMSFVKGW GAEYHRQDVT STPCWIEIHL HGPLQWLDKV LTQMGSPHNP ISSVS |
| 预测分子量 | kDa |
| 蛋白标签 | His tag N-Terminus |
| 缓冲液 | PBS, pH7.4, containing 0.01% SKL, 1mM DTT, 5% Trehalose and Proclin300. |
| 稳定性 & 储存条件 | Lyophilized protein should be stored at ≤ -20°C, stable for one year after receipt. Reconstituted protein solution can be stored at 2-8°C for 2-7 days. Aliquots of reconstituted samples are stable at ≤ -20°C for 3 months. |
| 复溶 | Always centrifuge tubes before opening.Do not mix by vortex or pipetting. It is not recommended to reconstitute to a concentration less than 100μg/ml. Dissolve the lyophilized protein in distilled water. Please aliquot the reconstituted solution to minimize freeze-thaw cycles. |
以下是关于Smad1重组蛋白的3篇参考文献示例：
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1. **文献名称**：*"Recombinant Smad1 purification and functional analysis in BMP signaling"*
**作者**：Hata A., et al.
**摘要**：该研究描述了Smad1重组蛋白在大肠杆菌中的表达与纯化方法，并验证其在骨形态发生蛋白(BMP)信号通路中的活性。作者发现纯化的Smad1能够被BMP受体磷酸化，进而与Smad4结合形成复合物，调控靶基因转录。
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2. **文献名称**：*"Structural basis of Smad1 activation by receptor kinase-mediated phosphorylation"*
**作者**：Souchelnytskyi S., et al.
**摘要**：通过X射线晶体学解析了重组Smad1的磷酸化前后构象变化，揭示了BMP受体激酶对其C末端SSXS基序的磷酸化如何诱导Smad1寡聚化及核转位，阐明了其激活机制。
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3. **文献名称**：*"Smad1 interacts with transcription co-activators p300/CBP to mediate BMP-responsive gene expression"*
**作者**：Kawakami Y., et al.
**摘要**：研究利用重组Smad1蛋白进行体外结合实验，证实其磷酸化后通过与转录共激活因子p300/CBP的相互作用，增强BMP信号下游基因(如Id1)的启动子活性，揭示了表观遗传调控的关键步骤。
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(注：上述文献信息为示例性内容，实际引用需以真实发表文献为准。)
**Background of Smad1 Recombinant Protein**
Smad1 is a critical intracellular signaling molecule belonging to the Smad family, which mediates transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling pathways. These pathways regulate diverse cellular processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and embryonic development. Smad1 specifically transduces signals from BMP receptors, which are serine/threonine kinase receptors. Upon BMP ligand binding, receptors phosphorylate Smad1 at its C-terminal SXS motif, enabling its association with Smad4. This complex translocates to the nucleus, where it regulates the transcription of target genes.
Recombinant Smad1 protein is engineered using expression systems (e.g., *E. coli*, mammalian, or insect cells*) to produce purified, functional Smad1 for research applications. It often includes tags (e.g., His, GST, or FLAG) for ease of purification and detection. The recombinant form retains key functional domains: the MH1 domain for DNA binding and the MH2 domain for receptor interaction and transcriptional activation. Phosphorylation-mimetic mutants (e.g., constitutively active forms) or dominant-negative variants are also generated to study pathway activation or inhibition.
Studies utilizing recombinant Smad1 have elucidated its role in osteogenesis, hematopoiesis, and organogenesis. Dysregulation of Smad1 is linked to diseases such as cancer, fibrosis, and skeletal disorders. For example, reduced Smad1 activity correlates with impaired bone formation, while excessive signaling may contribute to tumor progression.
In research, recombinant Smad1 is used for *in vitro* kinase assays, protein-protein interaction studies, and cell-based experiments to dissect BMP pathway mechanisms. It also serves as a tool for developing therapeutic strategies targeting TGF-β/BMP signaling. Quality-controlled batches ensure high purity and bioactivity, typically validated via SDS-PAGE, western blotting, and functional assays.
Overall, Smad1 recombinant protein is indispensable for advancing our understanding of BMP signaling and its implications in development and disease.
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