Recombinant Human VSTM2A protein

VSTM2A (V-set and transmembrane domain-containing protein 2A) is a relatively understudied protein belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF), characterized by its extracellular V-set immunoglobulin-like domain and a single transmembrane helix. Initially identified through genomic analyses, it is encoded in humans by the *VSTM2A* gene located on chromosome 7 (7q31.32). Though its precise physiological role remains unclear, emerging evidence suggests involvement in immune regulation and metabolic processes. Structural homology to immune checkpoint molecules like B7 family proteins implies potential roles in modulating T-cell activity or inflammatory responses. Interestingly, VSTM2A has been linked to adipocyte biology, with studies showing upregulated expression during adipocyte differentiation and correlations with obesity-related metabolic disorders.

Recombinant VSTM2A protein is engineered for in vitro and in vivo studies to elucidate its functions. Typically produced in mammalian expression systems (e.g., HEK293 or CHO cells) to ensure proper post-translational modifications, the purified protein retains its native conformation for ligand-receptor interaction assays. Researchers employ it to investigate signaling pathways, receptor binding partners (e.g., putative interactions with CD28 family receptors), and its dual context-dependent roles in diseases. In cancer biology, VSTM2A shows paradoxical expression patterns, acting as a tumor suppressor in some contexts while promoting metastasis in others. Its recombinant form also aids in developing diagnostic tools or therapeutic antibodies targeting metabolic-immune crosstalk. Quality validation often includes SDS-PAGE, Western blotting, and functional assays confirming bioactivity in cell-based models. Current research gaps include clarifying its endogenous ligands, downstream signaling mechanisms, and therapeutic potential in immuno-metabolic diseases.