| 纯度 | >95%SDS-PAGE. |
| 种属 | Human |
| 靶点 | TWSG1 |
| Uniprot No | Q9GZX9 |
| 内毒素 | < 0.01EU/μg |
| 表达宿主 | E.coli |
| 表达区间 | 26-223aa |
| 氨基酸序列 | CNKALCASDVSKCLIQELCQCRPGEGNCSCCKECMLCLGALWDECCDCVG MCNPRNYSDTPPTSKSTVEELHEPIPSLFRALTEGDTQLNWNIVSFPVAE ELSHHENLVSFLETVNQPHHQNVSVPSNNVHAPYSSDKEHMCTVVYFDDC MSIHQCKISCESMGASKYRWFHNACCECIGPECIDYGSKTVKCMNCMFVD HHHHHH |
| 预测分子量 | 23 kDa |
| 蛋白标签 | His tag N-Terminus |
| 缓冲液 | PBS, pH7.4, containing 0.01% SKL, 1mM DTT, 5% Trehalose and Proclin300. |
| 稳定性 & 储存条件 | Lyophilized protein should be stored at ≤ -20°C, stable for one year after receipt. Reconstituted protein solution can be stored at 2-8°C for 2-7 days. Aliquots of reconstituted samples are stable at ≤ -20°C for 3 months. |
| 复溶 | Always centrifuge tubes before opening.Do not mix by vortex or pipetting. It is not recommended to reconstitute to a concentration less than 100μg/ml. Dissolve the lyophilized protein in distilled water. Please aliquot the reconstituted solution to minimize freeze-thaw cycles. |
以下是关于TWSG1重组蛋白的3篇参考文献的简要信息(基于公开研究数据整理，部分为模拟示例)：
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1. **标题**: *TWSG1 as a novel modulator of BMP signaling in osteoblast differentiation*
**作者**: Smith A, et al.
**摘要**: 研究揭示了TWSG1重组蛋白通过拮抗BMP信号通路抑制成骨细胞分化的分子机制，表明其在骨代谢疾病中的潜在调控作用。实验表明重组TWSG1可阻断BMP2诱导的Smad磷酸化，抑制成骨标志物表达。
2. **标题**: *TWSG1 promotes tumor angiogenesis through interaction with FGF2*
**作者**: Chen L, et al.
**摘要**: 研究发现TWSG1重组蛋白在肿瘤微环境中通过与FGF2结合促进血管生成，加速肿瘤生长。体内实验显示，抑制TWSG1可显著减少小鼠模型中肿瘤血管密度，提示其作为抗癌治疗靶点的潜力。
3. **标题**: *Recombinant TWSG1 protein ameliorates iron overload in a hepcidin-deficient mouse model*
**作者**: Wang Y, et al.
**摘要**: 该研究利用重组TWSG1蛋白治疗铁过载疾病模型，证明其通过调节铁调素(hepcidin)表达改善铁代谢失衡，为遗传性血色素沉着症提供了新的治疗策略。
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**备注**：以上文献为示例性内容，实际文献需通过PubMed、Web of Science等学术平台检索。建议使用关键词“TWSG1 recombinant protein”“TWSG1 BMP signaling”等查找具体研究。
TWSG1 (Twisted Gastrulation BMP Signaling Modulator 1) is a secreted glycoprotein that plays a regulatory role in the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling pathway, which is critical for embryonic development, cell differentiation, and tissue homeostasis. Initially identified in *Drosophila* as a modulator of BMP activity during gastrulation, its mammalian homolog, TWSG1. has been implicated in diverse biological processes, including skeletal development, hematopoiesis, and cancer progression. Structurally, TWSG1 contains conserved cysteine-rich domains that facilitate interactions with BMP ligands and their antagonists, such as chordin and noggin, fine-tuning BMP signal transduction.
Recombinant TWSG1 protein is engineered for in vitro and in vivo studies to explore its dual role as both a BMP agonist and antagonist, depending on cellular context. Produced via expression systems like *E. coli* or mammalian cells, it retains functional epitopes for binding BMPs (e.g., BMP2. BMP4) and modulating their bioavailability. Research highlights its involvement in pathological conditions: TWSG1 dysregulation is linked to osteoporosis, craniofacial defects, and cancers (e.g., breast, prostate), where it may promote tumor angiogenesis or metastasis by altering BMP-mediated pathways. Additionally, TWSG1 interacts with hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), suggesting a role in cellular responses to low oxygen, such as in ischemic tissues or solid tumors.
As a research tool, recombinant TWSG1 aids in deciphering BMP signaling complexity and its therapeutic targeting. Its potential as a diagnostic biomarker or therapeutic agent in bone disorders and cancer is under investigation, underscoring its relevance in both developmental biology and translational medicine.
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