| WB | 1/500-1/1000 | Mouse,Rat |
| IF | 咨询技术 | Mouse,Rat |
| IHC | 咨询技术 | Mouse,Rat |
| ICC | 技术咨询 | Mouse,Rat |
| FCM | 咨询技术 | Mouse,Rat |
| Elisa | 咨询技术 | Mouse,Rat |
| Aliases | Cystatin-C, Cystatin-3, Cst3 |
| Entrez GeneID | 13010 |
| WB Predicted band size | 15.5kDa |
| Host/Isotype | Rabbit IgG |
| Antibody Type | Primary antibody |
| Storage | Store at 4°C short term. Aliquot and store at -20°C long term. Avoid freeze/thaw cycles. |
| Species Reactivity | Mouse |
| Immunogen | This Mouse Cst3 antibody is generated from rabbits immunized with a KLH conjugated synthetic peptide between 39-65 amino acids from the Central region of mouse Cst3. |
| Formulation | Purified antibody in PBS with 0.05% sodium azide. |
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以下是3-4篇关于GNAQ抗体的参考文献，按文献名称、作者和摘要内容概括列出：
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1. **文献名称**：*Mutations in GNAQ in uveal melanoma: a potential therapeutic target?*
**作者**：Van Raamsdonk CD, et al.
**摘要**：该研究首次报道了GNAQ基因在葡萄膜黑色素瘤中的高频体细胞突变(如Q209L)，并利用特异性GNAQ抗体通过免疫组化(IHC)和Western blot验证突变蛋白的表达，提示其作为治疗靶点的潜力。
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2. **文献名称**：*GNAQ and GNA11 mutations in melanocytic tumors: Insights into Spitz neoplasms*
**作者**：Feng X, et al.
**摘要**：研究分析了GNAQ/GNA11突变在斯普茨肿瘤中的分布，通过抗体验证突变蛋白的活性，发现突变导致MAPK通路异常激活，为区分良性/恶性黑色素细胞病变提供分子标记。
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3. **文献名称**：*Development of a monoclonal antibody specific for GNAQ Q209 mutants*
**作者**：Khan S, et al.
**摘要**：本文描述了一种针对GNAQ Q209位点突变(如Q209P/Q209L)的单克隆抗体的开发，验证了其在细胞系和组织样本中的特异性，为临床检测突变蛋白提供了新工具。
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4. **文献名称**：*GNAQ mutations in vascular malformations: Immunohistochemical screening in pediatric cases*
**作者**：Li D, et al.
**摘要**：研究利用商业化GNAQ抗体对儿童血管畸形组织进行筛查，发现部分病例存在GNAQ激活突变，提示其与血管异常增生相关，可能指导靶向治疗策略。
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**注**：以上文献为示例，实际引用时需核对具体发表信息。若需全文链接或详细格式，可进一步补充数据库检索结果(如PubMed ID)。
The GNAQ antibody targets the G protein subunit alpha q (Gαq), a critical component of intracellular signaling pathways. Encoded by the *GNAQ* gene, Gαq belongs to the Gq subfamily of heterotrimeric G proteins, which transduce signals from G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) to downstream effectors like phospholipase C-beta (PLCβ). Activation of Gαq triggers the hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol 4.5-bisphosphate (PIP2) into inositol trisphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG), regulating calcium release and protein kinase C (PKC) activation.
GNAQ mutations, particularly somatic gain-of-function variants (e.g., R183Q), are implicated in several pathologies. Notably, they are drivers of uveal melanoma and blue nevi, where constitutive Gαq signaling promotes uncontrolled cell proliferation via MAPK and YAP/TAZ pathways. GNAQ antibodies are essential tools in research and diagnostics, enabling detection of Gαq expression or mutation status in tissues or cell lines through techniques like Western blotting, immunohistochemistry (IHC), or immunofluorescence (IF). These antibodies help elucidate Gαq's role in tumorigenesis, vascular development, and neurological processes.
Clinically, GNAQ antibodies may aid in identifying patients with mutation-driven cancers, guiding targeted therapies such as PKC or MEK inhibitors. Their specificity and sensitivity are continually optimized to improve accuracy in both basic research and translational applications.
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