| WB | 1/1000-1/2000 | Human,Mouse,Rat |
| IF | 咨询技术 | Human,Mouse,Rat |
| IHC | 咨询技术 | Human,Mouse,Rat |
| ICC | 1/50-1/200 | Human,Mouse,Rat |
| FCM | 1/20-1/100 | Human,Mouse,Rat |
| Elisa | 咨询技术 | Human,Mouse,Rat |
| Aliases | JV18-1; MADH2; MADR2; Mad-related protein 2; Mothers against DPP homolog 2; Smad 2;;SMAD2 |
| WB Predicted band size | Calculated MW: 52 kDa ; Observed MW: 58 kDa |
| Host/Isotype | Rabbit IgG |
| Antibody Type | Primary antibody |
| Storage | Store at 4°C short term. Aliquot and store at -20°C long term. Avoid freeze/thaw cycles. |
| Species Reactivity | Human,Mouse,Rat |
| Immunogen | A synthesized peptide derived from human SMAD2 |
| Formulation | Purified antibody in PBS with 0.05% sodium azide,0.05% BSA and 50% glycerol. |
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All lanes use the Antibody at 1:1K dilution for 1 hour at room temperature.
All lanes use the Antibody at 1:1K dilution for 1 hour at room temperature.
Western blot analysis of Smad2 expression in (1) Jurkat cell lysate;(2) RAW264.7 cell lysate.
Immunofluorescent analysis of Hela cells, using Smad2 Antibody.
以下是关于Smad2抗体的3篇参考文献及其摘要简述：
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1. **文献名称**：*"Phosphorylation of Serine 465 and 467 in Smad2 Mediates TGF-β Signaling"*
**作者**：Souchelnytskyi S et al.
**摘要**：该研究通过Western blot和免疫沉淀实验验证了Smad2抗体的特异性，发现Smad2在TGF-β信号通路中被磷酸化(Ser465/467位点)，并揭示了其与Smad4结合的关键作用。
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2. **文献名称**：*"Immunohistochemical Detection of Smad2/Smad3 Phosphorylation as a Marker of TGF-β Activity in Colorectal Cancer"*
**作者**：Deng J et al.
**摘要**：利用Smad2抗体进行免疫组化分析，发现结直肠癌组织中Smad2的磷酸化水平与肿瘤侵袭性和TGF-β通路激活显著相关，提示其作为预后标志物的潜力。
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3. **文献名称**：*"A Phospho-Specific Antibody for Detection of Smad2 C-Terminal Phosphorylation"*
**作者**：Persson U et al.
**摘要**：开发了一种针对Smad2 C端磷酸化位点(Ser465/467)的特异性抗体，验证了其在细胞和小鼠模型中的灵敏度，为TGF-β信号转导研究提供了可靠工具。
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4. **文献名称**：*"Distinct Roles of Smad2 and Smad3 in TGF-β Signaling"*
**作者**：Tsuchida K et al.
**摘要**：通过对比Smad2和Smad3抗体的功能差异，发现Smad2在胚胎发育和纤维化中具有独特作用，而Smad3更直接调控靶基因转录，强调了抗体特异性对研究的重要性。
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以上文献均为Smad2抗体在机制研究或疾病模型中的应用示例。
Smad2 is a critical intracellular signaling molecule in the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) pathway, regulating diverse cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and immune responses. Upon TGF-β receptor activation, Smad2 is phosphorylated, forms complexes with Smad4. and translocates to the nucleus to modulate gene expression. Dysregulation of Smad2 is linked to fibrosis, cancer, and autoimmune diseases, making it a key target for biomedical research.
Smad2 antibodies are essential tools for detecting Smad2 expression, phosphorylation status, and subcellular localization in experimental models. These antibodies are widely used in techniques like Western blotting, immunofluorescence, and immunohistochemistry to study TGF-β signaling dynamics in both normal and diseased tissues. Specific Smad2 antibodies can distinguish between inactive (non-phosphorylated) and active (phosphorylated) forms, providing insights into pathway activation. However, researchers must validate antibody specificity due to high homology between Smad2 and Smad3. another TGF-β-responsive Smad protein. Some antibodies may cross-react with Smad3 or detect epitopes affected by post-translational modifications.
Commercial Smad2 antibodies are typically raised against unique peptide sequences within the N-terminal (MH1) or C-terminal (MH2) domains. Monoclonal antibodies offer high consistency, while polyclonal versions may detect broader epitopes. Proper controls, including knockout cell lines or siRNA-mediated knockdown, are critical to confirm antibody reliability. Understanding Smad2 antibody characteristics is vital for interpreting TGF-β-related mechanisms in development, homeostasis, and disease pathology.
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