| 纯度 | >90%SDS-PAGE. |
| 种属 | Human |
| 靶点 | tat |
| Uniprot No | A0A0H4LW18 |
| 内毒素 | < 0.01EU/μg |
| 表达宿主 | E.coli |
| 表达区间 | 1-103aa |
| 氨基酸序列 | MEPVDPNLEPWNHPGSQPKTACNTCYCKKCCWHCQICFLKKGLGISYGRKKRKHRRGTPQSSKDHQHPIPKQSLPINRGRNPTDPKESKKKVASKAETDPCDL |
| 预测分子量 | 15.8 kDa |
| 蛋白标签 | His tag N-Terminus |
| 缓冲液 | PBS, pH7.4, containing 0.01% SKL, 1mM DTT, 5% Trehalose and Proclin300. |
| 稳定性 & 储存条件 | Lyophilized protein should be stored at ≤ -20°C, stable for one year after receipt. Reconstituted protein solution can be stored at 2-8°C for 2-7 days. Aliquots of reconstituted samples are stable at ≤ -20°C for 3 months. |
| 复溶 | Always centrifuge tubes before opening.Do not mix by vortex or pipetting. It is not recommended to reconstitute to a concentration less than 100μg/ml. Dissolve the lyophilized protein in distilled water. Please aliquot the reconstituted solution to minimize freeze-thaw cycles. |
以下是3篇关于TAT重组蛋白的经典文献及摘要概括：
1. **文献名称**：TAT-mediated delivery of heterologous proteins into cells
**作者**：Schwarze SR, et al. (1999)
**摘要**：首次报道利用HIV-TAT蛋白的穿透肽(TAT 47-57)实现外源蛋白(如β-半乳糖苷酶)高效跨膜递送，证明TAT融合蛋白可被多种哺乳动物细胞摄取，为蛋白转导技术奠定基础。
2. **文献名称**：In vivo protein transduction: delivery of a biologically active protein into the mouse
**作者**：Schwarze SR, et al. (1999)
**摘要**：同一团队扩展研究，证实TAT融合蛋白(如TAT-β-gal)在小鼠体内可通过腹腔注射递送，并广泛分布于多个器官(如肝、脾、脑)，验证了其在活体中的潜在治疗应用价值。
3. **文献名称**：Protein transduction technology: a novel therapeutic perspective
**作者**：Wadia JS, Dowdy SF (2002)
**摘要**：综述TAT蛋白转导机制，讨论其在肿瘤抑制蛋白(如p53)递送、神经疾病治疗中的应用，并指出细胞摄取可能依赖内吞作用而非直接穿透，推动后续递送机制研究。
4. **文献名称**：Cell-penetrating peptides: mechanisms and applications
**作者**：Heitz F, et al. (2009)
**摘要**：系统分析TAT等穿透肽的分子机制(如电荷依赖的膜扰动)，总结其在基因治疗(如siRNA递送)、疫苗开发(抗原靶向递送)中的优化策略，强调化学修饰提升稳定性的方法。
注：以上文献为领域内里程碑式研究，建议通过PubMed或Web of Science检索原文获取详细信息。
TAT recombinant protein is derived from the Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1) Trans-Activator of Transcription (TAT) protein, a key regulatory factor that enhances viral gene expression. Discovered in the 1980s, TAT gained scientific attention not only for its role in HIV pathogenesis but also for its unique ability to traverse biological membranes. This property is attributed to its protein transduction domain (PTD), a short cationic peptide sequence (residues 47-57) rich in arginine and lysine.
In the 1990s, researchers harnessed TAT's cell-penetrating capability to develop TAT recombinant proteins by fusing the PTD with therapeutic molecules. This breakthrough enabled intracellular delivery of proteins, peptides, nucleic acids, and nanoparticles that otherwise cannot cross cell membranes. The mechanism involves electrostatic interactions with cell-surface proteoglycans, followed by energy-dependent endocytosis and subsequent endosomal escape.
TAT recombinant technology revolutionized drug delivery, particularly for biologics. Applications span cancer therapy (delivering tumor suppressors or pro-apoptotic proteins), neurodegenerative diseases (crossing the blood-brain barrier), and vaccine development. Its versatility extends to research tools for tracking cellular processes, as TAT-fused fluorescent proteins can label living cells without transfection reagents.
Despite advantages like high transduction efficiency and low cytotoxicity, challenges remain. Nonspecific uptake may cause off-target effects, and proteolytic degradation limits bioavailability. Recent advances focus on engineered TAT variants with improved stability and tissue specificity. Current research also explores hybrid systems combining TAT with other delivery modalities, such as nanoparticle carriers or receptor-targeting ligands.
As a pioneer in protein transduction, TAT recombinant systems continue to inspire therapeutic delivery strategies while serving as a benchmark for developing new cell-penetrating peptides.
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