Recombinant Human GSTA4 protein

**Background of GSTA4 Recombinant Protein**

Glutathione S-transferase alpha 4 (GSTA4) is a member of the glutathione S-transferase (GST) superfamily, a group of multifunctional enzymes central to cellular detoxification and oxidative stress response. Specifically, GSTA4 is distinguished by its high substrate specificity for toxic lipid peroxidation byproducts, such as 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), a reactive aldehyde generated during oxidative damage to cellular membranes. By catalyzing the conjugation of glutathione (GSH) to these electrophilic compounds, GSTA4 facilitates their neutralization and excretion, thereby mitigating oxidative stress-induced cellular damage. This enzyme is critically implicated in pathways associated with aging, metabolic disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer, where oxidative stress is a key pathological driver.

Recombinant GSTA4 protein is engineered using biotechnological platforms, such as bacterial (e.g., *E. coli*), yeast, or mammalian expression systems, to produce purified, functional enzyme for research and therapeutic applications. The recombinant form retains the catalytic activity and structural integrity of native GSTA4. enabling studies on its biochemical mechanisms, substrate interactions, and regulatory roles in redox homeostasis. Its production often involves affinity tag fusion (e.g., His-tag) for simplified purification and detection.

Research applications of GSTA4 recombinant protein span *in vitro* assays to investigate antioxidant defense mechanisms, drug metabolism, and enzyme kinetics. It is also utilized in disease models to explore therapeutic strategies targeting oxidative stress, such as in diabetes, Alzheimer’s disease, or chemotherapy-induced toxicity. Furthermore, GSTA4's role in metabolizing lipid-derived electrophiles positions it as a potential biomarker or therapeutic target in conditions linked to chronic oxidative damage. Advances in recombinant technology continue to enhance its accessibility, supporting mechanistic studies and translational innovations in redox biology and precision medicine.