Mouse Monoclonal EGFR Antibody

Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) is a transmembrane tyrosine kinase receptor that plays a central role in regulating cell proliferation, survival, and differentiation. Overexpression or activating mutations in EGFR are frequently observed in cancers, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), colorectal cancer, and head and neck cancers, driving uncontrolled tumor growth and metastasis. EGFR-targeted monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), such as cetuximab and panitumumab, bind to the extracellular domain of EGFR, blocking ligand-induced activation and downstream signaling pathways like RAS/MAPK and PI3K/AKT. These antibodies also promote receptor internalization and degradation, while some induce antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). Clinically, EGFR mAbs are used alone or combined with chemotherapy/radiotherapy, particularly in KRAS wild-type tumors, as KRAS mutations often confer resistance. Challenges include primary or acquired resistance mechanisms and variable patient responses, necessitating biomarker-guided therapy. Unlike small-molecule EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (e.g., gefitinib), which target intracellular kinase domains, mAbs act extracellularly, offering complementary therapeutic strategies. Ongoing research focuses on optimizing combinations, developing next-generation antibodies, and overcoming resistance to improve outcomes in EGFR-driven malignancies.