Recombinant Human CCL18 protein

CCL18 (C-C motif chemokine ligand 18), also known as macrophage inflammatory protein-1γ (MIP-1γ) or AMAC-1. is a small secretory protein belonging to the CC chemokine family. It is constitutively expressed by antigen-presenting cells, particularly macrophages and dendritic cells, under the regulation of cytokines like IL-4. IL-13. and IL-10. CCL18 plays a pivotal role in immune modulation, primarily through its chemotactic activity toward lymphocytes, dendritic cells, and fibroblasts. Its receptor remains partially characterized, with studies suggesting interactions with PITPNM3 (a non-classical G protein-coupled receptor) and potential cross-reactivity with CCR8.

Structurally, human CCL18 consists of 69 amino acids and shares homology with other CC chemokines. Its recombinant form is typically produced using prokaryotic (e.g., E. coli) or eukaryotic expression systems, followed by purification techniques like affinity chromatography. Recombinant CCL18 has become a critical tool for studying pathological mechanisms in fibrotic diseases, cancer, and autoimmune disorders. Notably, elevated CCL18 levels correlate with disease progression in pulmonary fibrosis, liver cirrhosis, and various carcinomas, where it contributes to immunosuppressive microenvironments by recruiting regulatory T cells and promoting alternative macrophage activation.

In cancer research, recombinant CCL18 is investigated for its dual role: facilitating tumor metastasis through extracellular matrix remodeling while simultaneously suppressing anti-tumor immunity. Its clinical potential extends to biomarker applications, with studies exploring its diagnostic value in malignancies and inflammatory conditions. However, challenges persist in fully elucidating its receptor signaling pathways and therapeutic targeting strategies. Current research focuses on developing CCL18-neutralizing antibodies or receptor antagonists as potential treatments for fibrosis and immune-related disorders.