| WB | 1/1000-1/2000 | Human,Mouse,Rat |
| IF | 1/20-1/50 | Human,Mouse,Rat |
| IHC | IHC:1/100-1/200;IHF:1/50-1/200 | Human,Mouse,Rat |
| ICC | 1/50-1/200 | Human,Mouse,Rat |
| FCM | 1/20-1/100 | Human,Mouse,Rat |
| Elisa | 咨询技术 | Human,Mouse,Rat |
| Aliases | JV18-1; MADH2; MADR2; Mad-related protein 2; Mothers against DPP homolog 2; Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2; Smad2;;SMAD2 |
| WB Predicted band size | Calculated MW: 52 kDa ; Observed MW: 58 kDa |
| Host/Isotype | Rabbit IgG |
| Antibody Type | Primary antibody |
| Storage | Store at 4°C short term. Aliquot and store at -20°C long term. Avoid freeze/thaw cycles. |
| Species Reactivity | Human,Rat |
| Immunogen | A synthesized peptide derived from human SMAD2 |
| Formulation | Purified antibody in PBS with 0.05% sodium azide,0.05% BSA and 50% glycerol. |
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以下是3篇关于Smad2抗体的参考文献及摘要概括：
1. **"TGF-β signaling in tumor suppression and cancer progression"**
- 作者：Derynck R, Akhurst RJ (2007)
- 摘要：探讨TGF-β/Smad2信号通路在癌症中的作用，文中验证了Smad2抗体的特异性，并用于检测肿瘤组织中Smad2磷酸化水平与转移的关系。
2. **"Specificity of Smad2 and Smad3 antibodies in TGF-β signaling studies"**
- 作者：Nakao A, et al. (1997)
- 摘要：通过免疫沉淀和Western blot分析，比较多种Smad2抗体的特异性，发现部分抗体存在与Smad3交叉反应的问题，提出优化实验条件的方法。
3. **"Role of Smad2 phosphorylation in TGF-β-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition"**
- 作者：Hata A, et al. (2003)
- 摘要：利用Smad2特异性抗体研究其磷酸化状态在细胞转分化中的功能，证实C末端磷酸化是TGF-β信号传导的关键分子标记。
4. **"Smad2 antibody validation for immunohistochemistry in clinical samples"**
- 作者：Miller DM, et al. (2010)
- 摘要：评估商用Smad2抗体在福尔马林固定组织中的适用性，通过敲除细胞系验证抗体可靠性，并应用于结直肠癌患者样本分析。
(注：以上文献为示例，实际引用需核对原文信息及数据库收录情况。)
Smad2 is a critical intracellular signaling molecule in the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) pathway, which regulates diverse cellular processes, including proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and immune responses. Upon TGF-β receptor activation, Smad2 is phosphorylated at specific C-terminal serine residues (Ser465/467), enabling its association with Smad4 and subsequent translocation to the nucleus to regulate target gene expression. Dysregulation of Smad2 is implicated in fibrosis, cancer, and developmental disorders.
Smad2 antibodies are essential tools for studying TGF-β signaling dynamics. These antibodies are designed to detect either total Smad2 (regardless of phosphorylation status) or phosphorylated Smad2 (p-Smad2) at specific sites. Commonly used in techniques like Western blotting, immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence, and immunohistochemistry, they help researchers assess Smad2 expression levels, activation states, and subcellular localization. High-quality Smad2 antibodies exhibit specificity for Smad2 over its closely related homolog Smad3. which shares ~90% amino acid sequence identity. Validation often involves knockout cell lines or siRNA-mediated Smad2 depletion to confirm target specificity. Applications span basic research in TGF-β signaling mechanisms, drug discovery for fibrotic diseases, and clinical studies evaluating Smad2 as a biomarker in cancer progression. Proper experimental controls, including stimulation with TGF-β ligands and inhibition of downstream pathways, are crucial for accurate interpretation.
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