| WB | 1/1000-1/4000 | Human,Mouse,Rat |
| IF | 咨询技术 | Human,Mouse,Rat |
| IHC | 咨询技术 | Human,Mouse,Rat |
| ICC | 技术咨询 | Human,Mouse,Rat |
| FCM | 咨询技术 | Human,Mouse,Rat |
| Elisa | 咨询技术 | Human,Mouse,Rat |
| Aliases | ATP synthase subunit delta, mitochondrial, F-ATPase delta subunit, ATP5D |
| Entrez GeneID | 513 |
| WB Predicted band size | 17.5kDa |
| Host/Isotype | Rabbit IgG |
| Antibody Type | Primary antibody |
| Storage | Store at 4°C short term. Aliquot and store at -20°C long term. Avoid freeze/thaw cycles. |
| Species Reactivity | Human, Mouse, Rat |
| Immunogen | This ATP5D antibody is generated from a rabbit immunized with a KLH conjugated synthetic peptide between 156-188 amino acids from the C-terminal region of human ATP5D. |
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以下是关于ATP5D抗体的模拟参考文献示例，供参考：
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1. **文献名称**: *Differential Expression of Mitochondrial ATP Synthase Subunits in Cancer Cells*
**作者**: Smith A, et al.
**摘要**: 本研究通过Western blot和免疫荧光技术，利用ATP5D抗体分析多种癌细胞系中线粒体ATP合酶δ亚基的表达水平，发现其在代谢活跃的肿瘤中显著上调，提示其可能作为癌症代谢异常的潜在标志物。
2. **文献名称**: *ATP5D Antibody-Based Detection of Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Neurodegeneration*
**作者**: Chen L, et al.
**摘要**: 通过免疫组化和小鼠脑组织染色，研究证实ATP5D抗体可有效标记神经元线粒体结构异常，揭示阿尔茨海默病模型中ATP合酶δ亚基的分布改变与能量代谢障碍相关。
3. **文献名称**: *Role of ATP Synthase Subunit Delta in Cardiac Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury*
**作者**: Tanaka K, et al.
**摘要**: 利用ATP5D抗体进行心脏组织Western blot分析，发现缺血再灌注损伤后ATP5D表达下降，提示线粒体复合物V功能受损可能与心肌细胞凋亡密切相关。
4. **文献名称**: *Structural Localization of ATP5D in Mitochondrial Membrane Complexes*
**作者**: Müller R, et al.
**摘要**: 通过免疫电镜和抗体标记技术，阐明ATP5D亚基在线粒体内膜ATP合酶复合体中的精确定位，为理解其质子转运机制提供结构生物学依据。
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注：以上文献为示例，实际引用时需检索真实数据库(如PubMed)并核实信息。
The ATP5D antibody targets the delta subunit of mitochondrial ATP synthase (Complex V), a key enzyme in oxidative phosphorylation. ATP synthase, located in the inner mitochondrial membrane, catalyzes ATP synthesis from ADP and inorganic phosphate using a proton gradient. The δ subunit (ATP5D) plays a structural and regulatory role in stabilizing the F1 catalytic core and facilitating interactions between subunits.
Antibodies against ATP5D are widely used to study mitochondrial function, energy metabolism, and diseases linked to ATP synthase dysregulation, such as neurodegenerative disorders, cancer, and metabolic syndromes. In research, ATP5D antibodies enable protein detection via techniques like Western blotting, immunofluorescence, and immunohistochemistry, helping assess expression levels, localization, and post-translational modifications under varying physiological or pathological conditions.
In cancer biology, ATP5D is investigated for its role in metabolic reprogramming, as tumor cells often rely on mitochondrial ATP production. Similarly, neurodegenerative studies focus on ATP synthase deficiencies contributing to neuronal energy deficits. Validating antibody specificity is critical, as cross-reactivity with other subunits or isoforms may yield false results. Commercial ATP5D antibodies are typically raised in rabbits or mice using peptide immunogens. As mitochondrial biomarkers gain traction in diagnostics and therapeutics, ATP5D antibodies remain vital tools for exploring cellular bioenergetics and translational applications.
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