| WB | 1/500-1/1000 | Human,Rat,Hamster |
| IF | 1/20 | Human,Rat,Hamster |
| IHC | 1/50-1/100 | Human,Rat,Hamster |
| ICC | 1/50-1/200 | Human,Rat,Hamster |
| FCM | 咨询技术 | Human,Rat,Hamster |
| Elisa | 咨询技术 | Human,Rat,Hamster |
| Aliases | SMAD2; MADH2; MADR2; Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2; MAD homolog 2; Mothers against DPP homolog 2; JV18-1; Mad-related protein 2; hMAD-2; SMAD family member 2; SMAD 2; Smad2; hSMAD2 |
| Entrez GeneID | 4087 |
| WB Predicted band size | Calculated MW: 52 kDa; Observed MW: 52 kDa |
| Host/Isotype | Rabbit IgG |
| Antibody Type | Primary antibody |
| Storage | Store at 4°C short term. Aliquot and store at -20°C long term. Avoid freeze/thaw cycles. |
| Species Reactivity | Human,Rat,Hamster |
| Immunogen | A synthetic peptide of human Smad2 |
| Formulation | Purified antibody in TBS with 0.05% sodium azide,0.05%BSA and 50% glycerol. |
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以下是3-4条关于Smad2抗体的参考文献及其简要摘要：
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1. **文献名称**: *Phosphorylation of Smad2 by TGF-β Receptor Kinase*
**作者**: Souchelnytskyi, S. et al.
**摘要**: 该研究利用Smad2特异性抗体证实了TGF-β激活后Smad2的C端磷酸化位点，揭示了其与受体激酶的直接相互作用机制，为后续信号转导研究提供关键工具。
2. **文献名称**: *Role of Smad2 in TGF-β Signaling and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition*
**作者**: Toyoizumi, R. & Shimizu, H.
**摘要**: 通过Western blot和免疫荧光实验，作者使用Smad2抗体验证了其在TGF-β诱导的上皮-间质转化(EMT)中的核转位及功能，强调了Smad2在细胞迁移中的作用。
3. **文献名称**: *Smad2/3 Antibody Specificity Validation in Cancer Models*
**作者**: Yan, X. et al.
**摘要**: 研究对比了多种Smad2抗体的特异性，发现部分抗体与Smad3存在交叉反应，强调了抗体验证的重要性，并筛选出适用于肿瘤组织检测的高特异性抗体。
4. **文献名称**: *Smad2 Activation in Fibrosis: Insights from Knockout Models*
**作者**: Mizutani, A. et al.
**摘要**: 利用Smad2抗体检测基因敲除小鼠模型，证明Smad2磷酸化水平与器官纤维化程度相关，为靶向治疗提供了分子标志物。
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以上文献涵盖Smad2抗体在信号机制、疾病模型及抗体特异性验证中的应用，适用于Western blot、免疫荧光等实验场景。
The Smad2 antibody is a crucial tool in studying the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) signaling pathway, which regulates diverse cellular processes including proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Smad2. a receptor-regulated SMAD (R-SMAD), is activated via phosphorylation by TGF-β/activin type I receptors upon ligand binding. It subsequently forms complexes with Smad4. translocates to the nucleus, and modulates target gene expression.
Smad2-specific antibodies are widely used to detect endogenous Smad2 protein levels, phosphorylation status (e.g., at the C-terminal SXS motif), and subcellular localization in techniques like Western blot, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and immunofluorescence (IF). These antibodies help distinguish Smad2 from its homolog Smad3. which shares structural similarity but exhibits distinct biological functions. Validation typically involves knockdown experiments or peptide competition assays to confirm specificity.
Research applications span cancer biology (studying TGF-β's dual tumor-suppressive/promoting roles), fibrosis (examining epithelial-mesenchymal transition), and developmental biology (investigating embryonic patterning). Commercial Smad2 antibodies are often raised against unique epitopes in the N-terminal Mad homology 1 (MH1) domain or phosphorylated C-terminal regions. Proper experimental controls, including unstimulated samples and phosphorylation inhibitors, are critical when analyzing Smad2 activation dynamics.
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