| WB | 1/1000-1/2000 | Human,Mouse,Rat |
| IF | 咨询技术 | Human,Mouse,Rat |
| IHC | 咨询技术 | Human,Mouse,Rat |
| ICC | 1/50-1/200 | Human,Mouse,Rat |
| FCM | 1/20-1/100 | Human,Mouse,Rat |
| Elisa | 咨询技术 | Human,Mouse,Rat |
| Aliases | AILIM; CD278; CRP1; CVID1; ICOS;;ICOS |
| WB Predicted band size | Calculated MW: 23 kDa ; Observed MW: 22 kDa |
| Host/Isotype | Rabbit IgG |
| Antibody Type | Primary antibody |
| Storage | Store at 4°C short term. Aliquot and store at -20°C long term. Avoid freeze/thaw cycles. |
| Species Reactivity | Human,Mouse,Rat |
| Immunogen | A synthesized peptide derived from human ICOS |
| Formulation | Purified antibody in PBS with 0.05% sodium azide,0.05% BSA and 50% glycerol. |
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以下是关于ICOS抗体的3篇代表性文献及其简要摘要：
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1. **文献名称**：*ICOS is an inducible T-cell co-stimulator structurally and functionally related to CD28*
**作者**：Hutloff A. et al.
**摘要**：该研究首次描述了ICOS的分子特征及其在T细胞共刺激中的作用，发现ICOS抗体可调控T细胞活化和细胞因子分泌，为后续免疫治疗研究奠定基础。
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2. **文献名称**：*Agonist anti-human ICOS monoclonal antibody induces antitumor tumor immunity through reorientation of intratumoral regulatory T cells*
**作者**：Fan X. et al.
**摘要**：通过小鼠模型证明，激动型ICOS抗体可通过重编程肿瘤微环境中的调节性T细胞(Tregs)，增强抗肿瘤免疫应答，提示其在癌症免疫治疗中的潜力。
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3. **文献名称**：*Structure-guided engineering of the affinity and specificity of CARs against T cell ICOS protein*
**作者**：Watanabe N. et al.
**摘要**：利用结构生物学方法解析ICOS-抗体结合机制，并设计出高亲和力的嵌合抗原受体(CAR)，为开发靶向ICOS的细胞疗法提供新策略。
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4. **文献名称**：*Targeting ICOS in autoimmune diseases: Preclinical and clinical advances*
**作者**：Becker J.C. et al.
**摘要**：综述ICOS抗体在类风湿性关节炎等自身免疫病中的治疗潜力，总结临床前及早期临床试验数据，探讨其安全性和调节免疫平衡的机制。
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以上文献涵盖基础机制、肿瘤免疫及自身免疫病应用，反映了ICOS抗体的多方向研究进展。
The Inducible T-cell CO-Stimulator (ICOS), a CD28 family receptor expressed primarily on activated T cells, plays a critical role in adaptive immunity. Discovered in 1999. ICOS binds to its ligand ICOSL (B7-H2) on antigen-presenting cells and certain tumor cells. Unlike CD28. ICOS is not constitutively expressed but induced during T-cell activation, enhancing survival, cytokine production (e.g., IL-10. IL-21), and metabolic reprogramming. It is particularly vital for follicular helper T (Tfh) cell differentiation, germinal center formation, and regulatory T (Treg) cell function, bridging innate and adaptive immune responses.
In cancer immunotherapy, ICOS agonists (e.g., JTX-2014) are explored to amplify anti-tumor T-cell responses by promoting effector T-cell activation and depleting immunosuppressive intratumoral Tregs. Conversely, ICOS antagonists may mitigate autoimmune diseases by suppressing pathogenic Tfh or Th17 cells. ICOS expression also serves as a predictive biomarker for checkpoint inhibitor efficacy, as its upregulation correlates with improved clinical outcomes in PD-1/PD-L1 blockade therapies. However, its dual role in immune activation and suppression necessitates context-specific therapeutic strategies. Current research focuses on optimizing ICOS-targeting biologics and combination therapies to balance anti-tumor activity with autoimmune toxicity risks.
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