Mouse Monoclonal GAL Antibody

GAL antibodies primarily target the galactose-α-1.3-galactose (α-Gal) epitope, a carbohydrate structure found on glycoproteins and glycolipids of non-primate mammals. This epitope is absent in humans due to the evolutionary inactivation of the α-1.3-galactosyltransferase gene. Anti-GAL antibodies, particularly IgE and IgG subtypes, have gained attention for their role in allergic reactions and immune responses. IgE anti-GAL antibodies are linked to alpha-gal syndrome, a delayed allergic reaction to red meat and dairy products, triggered by tick bites (e.g., Lone Star tick) that sensitize individuals to α-Gal. IgG anti-GAL antibodies are implicated in transplant rejection, especially in xenotransplantation, as porcine tissues express α-Gal, leading to hyperacute rejection. Additionally, anti-GAL antibodies may influence autoimmune diseases and cancer immunity. Research explores their diagnostic utility in allergy testing and therapeutic strategies, such as genetically engineered α-Gal-free organs for transplantation. Understanding GAL antibodies bridges immunology, allergology, and translational medicine, addressing challenges in food allergies, xenotransplantation, and immune-mediated disorders.