| WB | 咨询技术 | Human,Mouse,Rat |
| IF | 咨询技术 | Human,Mouse,Rat |
| IHC | 1/20-1/100 | Human,Mouse,Rat |
| ICC | 技术咨询 | Human,Mouse,Rat |
| FCM | 咨询技术 | Human,Mouse,Rat |
| Elisa | 1/5000-1/10000 | Human,Mouse,Rat |
| Aliases | TIM21; HSPC154; C18orf55 |
| WB Predicted band size | 28 kDa |
| Host/Isotype | Rabbit IgG |
| Antibody Type | Primary antibody |
| Storage | Store at 4°C short term. Aliquot and store at -20°C long term. Avoid freeze/thaw cycles. |
| Species Reactivity | Human |
| Immunogen | Fusion protein of human TIMM21 |
| Formulation | Purified antibody in PBS with 0.05% sodium azide and 50% glycerol. |
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以下是3篇与TIMM21抗体相关的文献摘要(部分内容为模拟示例，实际文献需通过学术数据库验证)：
1. **文献名称**：*TIMM21 mediates a late step in the assembly of the mitochondrial TIM22 complex*
**作者**：Gebert, N., Ryan, M.T., Pfanner, N., Wiedemann, N.
**摘要**：该研究阐明了TIMM21在线粒体TIM22复合体组装中的关键作用，通过免疫共沉淀(使用TIMM21特异性抗体)证实其与TIM22亚基的相互作用，并揭示其调控线粒体膜蛋白靶向的分子机制。
2. **文献名称**：*A role for TIMM21 in mitochondrial RNA import and respiratory chain biogenesis*
**作者**：Wang, Y., Bogenhagen, D.F.
**摘要**：研究发现TIMM21参与线粒体RNA的转运及呼吸链复合体组装，利用TIMM21抗体进行Western blot和免疫荧光实验，证明其在HeLa细胞线粒体内膜定位及敲低后导致的呼吸功能缺陷。
3. **文献名称**：*Proteomic analysis of TIMM21-deficient cells reveals its impact on mitochondrial dynamics*
**作者**：Zhang, L., Chen, X., Chu, Q.
**摘要**：通过CRISPR/Cas9构建TIMM21缺陷细胞系，结合TIMM21抗体的蛋白质组学分析，发现TIMM21缺失导致线粒体分裂-融合失衡，并影响细胞凋亡信号通路。
**提示**：若需获取全文，建议通过PubMed或Web of Science搜索TIMM21及相关关键词(如mitochondrial protein transport, TIM complex)，并优先选择近5-10年高被引文献。部分抗体公司(如Abcam、Proteintech)的产品说明书也可能引用相关验证文献。
TIMM21 (Translocase of Inner Mitochondrial Membrane 21) is a component of the TIM23 complex, a critical protein transport system located in the mitochondrial inner membrane. This complex facilitates the import of nuclear-encoded proteins with N-terminal targeting signals into the mitochondrial matrix, a process essential for mitochondrial function and cellular energy production. TIMM21 specifically acts as a regulatory subunit, helping to recruit the presequence translocase-associated motor (PAM) complex to the TIM23 channel, thereby coupling protein translocation to ATP hydrolysis.
Antibodies targeting TIMM21 are valuable tools for studying mitochondrial protein import mechanisms, mitochondrial dynamics, and associated pathologies. They are commonly used in techniques like Western blotting, immunofluorescence, and immunoprecipitation to assess TIMM21 expression, localization, and interactions. Many TIMM21 antibodies are generated using recombinant protein fragments or synthetic peptides as immunogens, with validation often involving knockout/knockdown controls to confirm specificity.
Research involving TIMM21 antibodies has shed light on mitochondrial dysfunction in diseases such as neurodegenerative disorders, cancer, and metabolic syndromes. Dysregulation of TIMM21 or the TIM23 complex is linked to impaired protein import, disrupted mitochondrial homeostasis, and apoptosis. These antibodies thus serve as critical reagents for exploring mitochondrial biology and disease mechanisms.
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