Recombinant Human PNMA2 protein

PNMA2 (Paraneoplastic Ma antigen 2) is a protein encoded by the PNMA2 gene, belonging to the PNMA family implicated in both physiological and pathological processes. Initially identified as a target of autoantibodies in paraneoplastic neurological syndromes (PNS), PNMA2 is primarily known for its association with cancer-induced autoimmune responses. In PNS, ectopic expression of PNMA2 in tumors triggers immune recognition, leading to cross-reactive attacks on neurons and neurological dysfunction. Structurally, PNMA2 contains a conserved N-terminal homology domain (MA) and a disordered C-terminal region, features common to proteins involved in chromatin remodeling and apoptosis. However, its precise physiological role remains unclear, with studies suggesting involvement in neurodevelopment, synaptic plasticity, or transcriptional regulation.

Recombinant PNMA2 protein is produced via heterologous expression systems (e.g., E. coli, mammalian cells) to enable functional studies. Its recombinant form facilitates investigations into antigen-antibody interactions, cellular localization, and signaling pathways. Researchers utilize it to model autoimmune mechanisms in PNS, develop diagnostic assays for detecting anti-PNMA2 antibodies, and explore its potential as a biomarker for specific cancers or neurological disorders. Intriguingly, PNMA2 has been linked to non-paraneoplastic conditions, including neuropsychiatric diseases and virus-host interactions, broadening its research relevance. Recent studies also highlight its possible role in liquid-liquid phase separation and exosome-mediated intercellular communication. Despite progress, the dual nature of PNMA2—as both a neuronal protein and an autoantigen—underscores the need for further research to clarify its normal functions and pathogenic contributions. Recombinant PNMA2 thus serves as a critical tool bridging cancer biology, neuroscience, and autoimmunity studies.