Rabbit Polyclonal Smad3(Ab-425) Antibody

The Smad3(Ab-425) antibody is a widely used tool in studying TGF-β signaling, targeting the Smad3 protein phosphorylated at serine residue 425 (Ser425). Smad3. a key mediator of TGF-β signaling, translocates to the nucleus upon receptor activation to regulate gene expression involved in cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and immune responses. Phosphorylation at Ser425 (located in the linker region) is critical for its transcriptional activity and interaction with regulatory partners, though its exact role differs from the C-terminal phosphorylation required for nuclear translocation. This antibody specifically recognizes the phosphorylated form of Smad3 at this site, enabling researchers to investigate Smad3 activation dynamics in pathways linked to fibrosis, cancer progression, inflammation, and tissue remodeling. It is commonly used in techniques like Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence. Studies employing Smad3(Ab-425) have clarified its involvement in diseases such as renal fibrosis, pulmonary disorders, and tumor metastasis. However, interpretation requires caution, as linker phosphorylation can be mediated by kinases beyond TGF-β receptors (e.g., MAPK, CDK), reflecting cross-talk with other signaling pathways. Validation using phosphorylation-blocking controls or Smad3-deficient samples is recommended to ensure specificity.