| WB | 咨询技术 | Human,Mouse,Rat |
| IF | 咨询技术 | Human,Mouse,Rat |
| IHC | 咨询技术 | Human,Mouse,Rat |
| ICC | 技术咨询 | Human,Mouse,Rat |
| FCM | 咨询技术 | Human,Mouse,Rat |
| Elisa | 咨询技术 | Human,Mouse,Rat |
| Aliases | NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 4L, NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4L, MT-ND4L, MTND4L, NADH4L, ND4L |
| Entrez GeneID | 4539 |
| WB Predicted band size | 10.7kDa |
| Host/Isotype | Rabbit IgG |
| Antibody Type | Primary antibody |
| Storage | Store at 4°C short term. Aliquot and store at -20°C long term. Avoid freeze/thaw cycles. |
| Species Reactivity | Human |
| Immunogen | This ND4L antibody is generated from rabbits immunized with a KLH conjugated synthetic peptide between 65-93 amino acids from the C-terminal region of human ND4L. |
| Formulation | Purified antibody in PBS with 0.05% sodium azide. |
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以下是关于ND4L抗体的3篇参考文献示例(基于现有研究方向的合理推测，具体文献可能需要通过数据库验证)：
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1. **文献名称**: *Mitochondrial complex I deficiency in Parkinson's disease: Role of ND4L subunit antibodies in detection*
**作者**: Smith A, et al.
**摘要**: 本研究利用特异性抗ND4L抗体，分析了帕金森病患者脑组织中线粒体复合物I亚基ND4L的表达水平降低，提示其与疾病中能量代谢异常的相关性。
2. **文献名称**: *Development of a monoclonal antibody targeting human ND4L for mitochondrial dysfunction studies*
**作者**: Chen L, et al.
**摘要**: 文章报道了一种高特异性抗ND4L单克隆抗体的开发，并通过免疫印迹和免疫荧光验证其在检测HeLa细胞及小鼠肝脏组织中线粒体ND4L蛋白定位中的应用。
3. **文献名称**: *ND4L mutations and antibody-based profiling in Leigh syndrome patients*
**作者**: Tanaka K, et al.
**摘要**: 研究结合基因测序与ND4L抗体免疫组化技术，揭示了Leigh综合征患者中线粒体ND4L基因突变导致的蛋白表达异常，为诊断提供分子标志物。
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**提示**：若需具体文献，建议在PubMed或Google Scholar中检索关键词“ND4L antibody”或“mitochondrial complex I antibody”，并筛选应用类研究。部分研究可能侧重于ND4(非ND4L)，需注意区分亚基名称。
The ND4L antibody is designed to target the ND4L subunit, a component of mitochondrial Complex I (NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase) in the electron transport chain (ETC). Complex I plays a critical role in ATP production by catalyzing NADH oxidation and proton pumping across the mitochondrial inner membrane. The ND4L protein, encoded by the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) *ND4L* gene, is one of seven core subunits essential for Complex I assembly and function. Mutations in *ND4L* are linked to mitochondrial disorders, such as Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and Leigh syndrome, highlighting its importance in cellular energy metabolism.
ND4L antibodies are primarily used in research to study mitochondrial health, Complex I dysfunction, and diseases associated with oxidative phosphorylation defects. They enable detection of ND4L expression via techniques like Western blotting, immunofluorescence, or immunohistochemistry, aiding in the assessment of mitochondrial protein levels in tissues or cultured cells. These antibodies also help investigate the impact of mtDNA mutations, metabolic adaptations in cancer (where altered ETC activity is common), or neurodegenerative conditions. Commercial ND4L antibodies are typically validated for specificity, often using knockout controls or mitochondrial enrichment protocols. However, challenges remain in ensuring cross-reactivity across species or distinguishing post-translationally modified forms. Overall, ND4L antibodies serve as vital tools for exploring mitochondrial biology and disease mechanisms linked to energy metabolism. (Word count: 214)
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