Rabbit Polyclonal CD59 Antibody

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     All lanes : Anti-CD59 Antibody (Center) at 1:2000 dilution Lane 1: HUVEC whole cell lysate Lane 2: BxPC-3 whole cell lysate Lane 3: PC-3 whole cell lysate Lane 4: Human breast lysate Lane 5: Human placenta lysate Lysates/proteins at 20 µg per lane. Secondary Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG,  (H+L), Peroxidase conjugated at 1/10000 dilution. Predicted band size : 14 kDa Blocking/Dilution buffer: 5% NFDM/TBST.    

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     Immunofluorescent analysis of 4% paraformaldehyde-fixed, 0.1% Triton X-100 permeabilized HeLa (human cervical epithelial adenocarcinoma cell line) cells labeling CD59 with P34463 at 1/25 dilution, followed by Dylight® 488-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG  secondary antibody at 1/200 dilution (green). Immunofluorescence image showing cytoplasm staining on HeLa cell line. Cytoplasmic actin is detected with Dylight® 554 Phalloidin  at 1/100 dilution (red). The nuclear counter stain is DAPI (blue).    

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     Overlay histogram showing HeLa cells stained with P34463(green line).  The cells were fixed with 2% paraformaldehyde (10 min) and then permeabilized with 90% methanol for 10 min.  The cells were then icubated in 2% bovine serum albumin to block non-specific protein-protein interactions followed by the antibody (P34463,  1:25 dilution) for 60 min at 37ºC.  The secondary antibody used was Goat-Anti-Rabbit IgG, DyLight® 488 Conjugated Highly Cross-Adsorbed(OE188374) at 1/200 dilution for 40 min at 37ºC.  Isotype control antibody (blue line) was rabbit IgG1 (1μg/1x10^6 cells) used under the same conditions.  Acquisition of >10, 000 events was performed.    

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     Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human placent tissue using P34463 performed on the Leica® BOND RXm. Tissue was fixed with formaldehyde at room temperature; antigen retrieval was by heat mediation with a EDTA buffer (pH9. 0).  Samples were incubated with primary antibody(1:1000) for 1 hours at room temperature.  A undiluted biotinylated CRF Anti-Polyvalent HRP Polymer antibody was used as the secondary antibody.    

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     Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded Human placenta section using Pink1(Cat#P34463). P34463 was diluted at 1:250 dilution. A undiluted biotinylated goat polyvalent antibody was used as the secondary, followed by DAB staining.    

CD59. also known as MAC-inhibitory protein (MAC-IP) or protectin, is a glycophosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored cell membrane protein that plays a critical role in regulating the complement system. It inhibits the formation of the membrane attack complex (MAC) by binding to complement proteins C8 and C9. thereby protecting host cells from unintended complement-mediated lysis. CD59 is widely expressed on various human cells and is essential for maintaining self-tolerance in the immune system.

CD59 antibodies are tools or therapeutic agents targeting this protein. In research, anti-CD59 antibodies are used to detect CD59 expression in diseases like paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH), where GPI anchor deficiencies lead to CD59 loss, resulting in erythrocyte vulnerability to complement attack. Clinically, CD59 antibodies have dual implications. Some aim to block CD59's protective function to enhance complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) in cancer therapy, as tumor cells often overexpress CD59 to evade immune destruction. Conversely, other antibodies are explored to augment CD59 activity in autoimmune or inflammatory disorders where excessive complement activation causes tissue damage.

Challenges include balancing therapeutic efficacy with safety, as systemic CD59 inhibition may trigger off-target cell damage, while overexpression could suppress beneficial immune responses. Ongoing studies focus on optimizing antibody specificity and delivery to harness CD59's regulatory potential effectively.