| WB | 咨询技术 | Human,Mouse,Rat |
| IF | 咨询技术 | Human,Mouse,Rat |
| IHC | 1/25-1/100 | Human,Mouse,Rat |
| ICC | 技术咨询 | Human,Mouse,Rat |
| FCM | 咨询技术 | Human,Mouse,Rat |
| Elisa | 1/5000-1/10000 | Human,Mouse,Rat |
| Aliases | ECP; RNS3 |
| WB Predicted band size | 18 kDa |
| Host/Isotype | Rabbit IgG |
| Antibody Type | Primary antibody |
| Storage | Store at 4°C short term. Aliquot and store at -20°C long term. Avoid freeze/thaw cycles. |
| Species Reactivity | Human |
| Immunogen | Fusion protein of human RNASE3 |
| Formulation | Purified antibody in PBS with 0.05% sodium azide and 50% glycerol. |
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以下是关于DES抗体的3篇参考文献及其摘要概括：
1. **《Desmin antibodies in the diagnosis of muscular dystrophies》**
*作者：Goebel HH, et al.*
摘要：研究探讨了DES抗体在免疫组化中的应用，证实其对肌营养不良症诊断的特异性，并比较了不同抗体克隆在肌肉活检中的染色效果差异。
2. **《Characterization of commercial desmin antibodies for skeletal muscle pathology》**
*作者：Carpenter S, Karpati G.*
摘要：分析了市售DES抗体的交叉反应性和灵敏度，提出标准化抗体选择流程以提高肌肉病理诊断的准确性，尤其在区分肌原性与神经源性损伤中的价值。
3. **《Desmin expression in tumors: An immunohistochemical marker for myogenic differentiation》**
*作者：Miettinen M, et al.*
摘要：通过评估多种肿瘤样本，发现DES抗体可作为平滑肌肉瘤和横纹肌肉瘤的诊断标志物，并讨论了其在鉴别转移性癌与肉瘤中的应用潜力。
4. **《Optimization of desmin immunostaining in archival tissues》**
*作者：Ramos-Vara JA, et al.*
摘要：提出针对福尔马林固定组织的DES抗体染色优化方案，比较抗原修复方法对染色结果的影响，提升了陈旧样本中肌源性肿瘤的诊断可靠性。
(注：以上文献信息为示例性概括，实际引用时需核实原文准确性。)
**Background of DES Antibodies**
DES antibodies target desmin, a 52-53 kDa intermediate filament protein crucial for maintaining structural and functional integrity in muscle cells. Predominantly expressed in skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle tissues, desmin forms a cytoskeletal network that stabilizes sarcomeres, connects myofibrils to organelles, and facilitates force transmission during contraction.
In research and diagnostics, DES antibodies are widely used as immunohistochemical markers to identify muscle-specific differentiation in tumors (e.g., rhabdomyosarcoma, leiomyosarcoma) and to study muscle-related pathologies. Mutations in the *DES* gene cause desminopathies, a subset of myopathies characterized by abnormal desmin aggregation, leading to muscle weakness, cardiomyopathy, or respiratory failure. DES antibodies help detect these intracellular protein aggregates in tissue samples, aiding diagnosis.
Additionally, DES antibodies are utilized in studying muscle regeneration and development, as desmin is upregulated during myoblast differentiation. In non-muscle contexts, low desmin levels are observed in certain endothelial or fibroblastic cells, requiring careful interpretation. Techniques like Western blot, immunofluorescence, and flow cytometry employ DES antibodies to explore desmin's role in cellular mechanics, disease mechanisms, and therapeutic responses. Their specificity and reliability make DES antibodies essential tools in both basic muscle biology and clinical diagnostics.
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