| WB | 咨询技术 | Human,Mouse,Rat |
| IF | 咨询技术 | Human,Mouse,Rat |
| IHC | 1/25-1/100 | Human,Mouse,Rat |
| ICC | 技术咨询 | Human,Mouse,Rat |
| FCM | 咨询技术 | Human,Mouse,Rat |
| Elisa | 1/2000-1/5000 | Human,Mouse,Rat |
| Aliases | SSA; RO52; SSA1; RNF81; Ro/SSA |
| Host/Isotype | Rabbit IgG |
| Antibody Type | Primary antibody |
| Storage | Store at 4°C short term. Aliquot and store at -20°C long term. Avoid freeze/thaw cycles. |
| Species Reactivity | Human |
| Immunogen | Fusion protein of human TRIM21 |
| Formulation | Purified antibody in PBS with 0.05% sodium azide and 50% glycerol. |
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以下是关于TRIM21抗体的3篇代表性文献及其摘要概括：
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1. **"TRIM21 is a ubiquitin ligase activated by antibody binding in cells"**
*Authors: James, L.C. et al. (2007)*
**摘要**：研究揭示了TRIM21作为E3泛素连接酶的功能，当细胞内抗体结合病毒颗粒时，TRIM21被招募并标记病毒蛋白，通过蛋白酶体途径降解病原体，提供细胞内抗病毒免疫机制。
2. **"Intracellular antibody-bound pathogens stimulate immune signaling via the Fc receptor TRIM21"**
*Authors: McEwan, W.A. et al. (2013)*
**摘要**：发现TRIM21不仅介导抗体结合病原体的降解，还通过激活NF-κB和IRF信号通路触发促炎细胞因子释放，将抗体介导的免疫与先天免疫应答相连接。
3. **"TRIM21 autoantibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus"**
*Authors: Espinosa, A. et al. (2010)*
**摘要**：报道了系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)患者血清中TRIM21自身抗体的高阳性率，提示其可能作为疾病标志物，并探讨其与抗Ro/SSA抗体的关联及病理机制。
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以上文献涵盖TRIM21在抗病毒免疫、信号通路调控及自身免疫疾病中的多重作用，均为该领域关键研究。
TRIM21 (Tripartite motif-containing protein 21), also known as Ro52. is a member of the TRIM protein family characterized by its conserved RING, B-box, and coiled-coil domains. Primarily localized in the cytoplasm, TRIM21 functions as an E3 ubiquitin ligase and plays a critical role in innate immunity. It recognizes antibody-opsonized pathogens (e.g., viruses) that enter cells via Fc receptor-independent mechanisms, bridging adaptive and innate immune responses. Upon binding to the constant region (Fc) of antibodies attached to intracellular pathogens, TRIM21 catalyzes the ubiquitination of viral particles, targeting them for proteasomal degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Concurrently, it activates inflammatory signaling pathways, including NF-κB and AP-1. to amplify antiviral defenses.
TRIM21 is also implicated in autoimmune diseases, particularly systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and Sjögren’s syndrome, where autoantibodies against TRIM21 are common. Its dual role—as both an antiviral effector and an autoantigen—highlights its complex involvement in immune regulation. Recent studies explore its therapeutic potential, leveraging its ability to degrade pathogenic proteins or its utility in engineered proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs). Despite advances, its precise regulatory mechanisms and disease-related pathways remain under investigation, making TRIM21 a focal point in immunology and autoimmunity research.
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