| WB | 咨询技术 | Human,Mouse,Rat |
| IF | 咨询技术 | Human,Mouse,Rat |
| IHC | 1/40-1/200 | Human,Mouse,Rat |
| ICC | 技术咨询 | Human,Mouse,Rat |
| FCM | 咨询技术 | Human,Mouse,Rat |
| Elisa | 1/5000-1/10000 | Human,Mouse,Rat |
| Aliases | PAD; PAD4; PDI4; PDI5; PADI5 |
| WB Predicted band size | 74 kDa |
| Host/Isotype | Rabbit IgG |
| Antibody Type | Primary antibody |
| Storage | Store at 4°C short term. Aliquot and store at -20°C long term. Avoid freeze/thaw cycles. |
| Species Reactivity | Human |
| Immunogen | Fusion protein of human PADI4 |
| Formulation | Purified antibody in PBS with 0.05% sodium azide and 50% glycerol. |
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以下是关于PADI4抗体的3篇代表性文献的简要总结：
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1. **文献名称**：*Functional haplotypes of PADI4. encoding citrullinating enzyme peptidylarginine deiminase 4. are associated with rheumatoid arthritis*
**作者**：Suzuki, A. et al.
**摘要**：该研究首次报道了PADI4基因的单核苷酸多态性(SNPs)与类风湿性关节炎(RA)易感性的关联，发现特定PADI4单倍型可增加RA风险，提示PADI4通过调控蛋白质瓜氨酸化促进自身抗体(如抗CCP抗体)的产生。
2. **文献名称**：*PADI4 promotes citrullination and autoantibody production in autoimmune arthritis*
**作者**：Chang, X. et al.
**摘要**：通过体外实验和小鼠模型，研究发现PADI4在RA患者的滑膜组织中高表达，并通过催化蛋白质瓜氨酸化驱动抗瓜氨酸蛋白抗体(ACPA)的生成，进一步证实PADI4在自身免疫反应中的关键作用。
3. **文献名称**：*Citrullination and autoimmunity: PADI4 in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis*
**作者**：Vossenaar, E.R. et al.
**摘要**：综述了PADI4在RA中的分子机制，强调其在瓜氨酸化表位形成中的核心地位，并讨论针对PADI4的抑制策略作为潜在治疗方向，间接涉及抗PADI4抗体在疾病监测中的应用。
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**备注**：上述文献主要聚焦于PADI4在自身抗体(如ACPA)生成中的功能，而非直接研究针对PADI4的自身抗体。目前关于“抗PADI4抗体”的直接研究较少，可进一步关注特定疾病(如癌症或罕见自身免疫病)中的相关报道。
**Background of PADI4 Antibodies**
PADI4 (peptidyl arginine deiminase 4), a member of the PADI enzyme family, catalyzes the post-translational conversion of arginine residues to citrulline in proteins, a process termed citrullination. This modification plays roles in chromatin remodeling, gene regulation, and immune response. PADI4 is notably expressed in immune cells, including neutrophils and macrophages, and is implicated in autoimmune diseases, particularly rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In RA, excessive citrullination of proteins triggers the production of anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs), a hallmark of the disease. Genetic polymorphisms in the *PADI4* gene are linked to increased RA susceptibility in certain populations, suggesting its role in dysregulated immune activation.
PADI4 antibodies are tools used to detect and study the expression, localization, and function of PADI4 in biological samples. They are critical in research exploring PADI4's involvement in autoimmune pathways, cancer (where PADI4 may promote tumor progression via epigenetic changes), and other inflammatory conditions. Commercial PADI4 antibodies are typically developed in hosts like rabbits or mice, targeting specific epitopes of the enzyme. Validation methods (e.g., Western blot, immunohistochemistry) ensure specificity, as cross-reactivity with other PADI isoforms (e.g., PADI2) is a common challenge. Understanding PADI4's mechanisms through antibody-based assays contributes to therapeutic strategies, including inhibitors targeting citrullination pathways in RA and cancer.
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