| WB | 1/2000-1/10000 | Human,Mouse,Rat |
| IF | 咨询技术 | Human,Mouse,Rat |
| IHC | 1/50-1/200 | Human,Mouse,Rat |
| ICC | 技术咨询 | Human,Mouse,Rat |
| FCM | 咨询技术 | Human,Mouse,Rat |
| Elisa | 1/5000-1/10000 | Human,Mouse,Rat |
| Aliases | G3PD; GAPD; HEL-S-162eP |
| WB Predicted band size | 36 kDa |
| Host/Isotype | Rabbit IgG |
| Antibody Type | Primary antibody |
| Storage | Store at 4°C short term. Aliquot and store at -20°C long term. Avoid freeze/thaw cycles. |
| Species Reactivity | Human, Mouse, Rat |
| Immunogen | Fusion protein of human GAPDH |
| Formulation | Purified antibody in PBS with 0.05% sodium azide and 50% glycerol. |
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以下是3-4篇关于GAPDH抗体的参考文献，包含文献名称、作者和摘要要点：
1. **文献名称**：*Housekeeping protein expression during human hepatic apoptosis: GAPDH is not a reliable loading control*
**作者**：Barber RD, et al. (2005)
**摘要**：研究指出GAPDH在某些实验条件(如低氧、药物处理)下表达不稳定，可能影响其作为Western Blot内参的可靠性，建议根据实验设计验证其适用性。
2. **文献名称**：*Antibody validation for Western blot: Lessons from GAPDH*
**作者**：Ferguson RE, et al. (2005)
**摘要**：通过比较多种商业GAPDH抗体的特异性，强调抗体批次间差异可能导致实验结果偏差，需通过阳性/阴性对照验证抗体有效性。
3. **文献名称**：*New insights into an old protein: The functional diversity of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase*
**作者**：Sirover MA (1999)
**摘要**：综述GAPDH在细胞凋亡、DNA修复等过程中的多功能性，提示其表达可能因细胞状态波动，用作内参时需谨慎评估。
4. **文献名称**：*The pitfalls of GAPDH in protein load controls: Case studies in neuroscience*
**作者**：Dittmer A, Misteli T (2010)
**摘要**：以神经组织为例，发现GAPDH在某些疾病模型中表达显著变化，建议结合其他内参(如β-actin)提高数据可靠性。
这些文献从抗体验证、实验条件影响及生物学功能角度，为GAPDH抗体的合理使用提供了依据。
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is a highly conserved enzyme central to glycolysis, catalyzing the conversion of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate to 1.3-bisphosphoglycerate. Beyond its metabolic role, GAPDH participates in diverse cellular processes, including membrane fusion, RNA regulation, and apoptosis. Due to its constitutive expression across most tissues and cell types, GAPDH is widely used as a "housekeeping" protein reference in molecular biology experiments.
GAPDH antibodies are essential tools for detecting this protein, primarily serving as loading controls in Western blotting, immunofluorescence, and other protein quantification methods. Their reliability stems from GAPDH's stable expression under standard experimental conditions, allowing normalization of protein sample quantities across lanes or wells. These antibodies are typically raised against conserved epitopes of GAPDH, with clones available from various host species (e.g., rabbit, mouse).
However, researchers must verify GAPDH expression stability in specific experimental contexts, as certain treatments (e.g., hypoxia, metabolic perturbations) or disease states may alter its expression levels. Commercial GAPDH antibodies are rigorously validated for specificity and cross-reactivity, though batch-to-batch variability should be monitored. Their widespread use underscores their importance in ensuring experimental reproducibility and accurate data interpretation in protein expression studies.
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