| WB | 1/500 - 1/2000 | Human,Mouse,Rat |
| IF | 咨询技术 | Human,Mouse,Rat |
| IHC | 咨询技术 | Human,Mouse,Rat |
| ICC | 技术咨询 | Human,Mouse,Rat |
| FCM | 1/200-1/400 | Human,Mouse,Rat |
| Elisa | 1/10000 | Human,Mouse,Rat |
| Aliases | RY; APG-2; hsp70; hsp70RY; HS24/P52; MGC131852; HSPA4 |
| Entrez GeneID | 3308 |
| clone | 5A6 |
| WB Predicted band size | 70kDa |
| Host/Isotype | Mouse IgG1 |
| Antibody Type | Primary antibody |
| Storage | Store at 4°C short term. Aliquot and store at -20°C long term. Avoid freeze/thaw cycles. |
| Species Reactivity | Human |
| Immunogen | Purified recombinant fragment of human HSP70 expressed in E. Coli. |
| Formulation | Purified antibody in PBS with 0.05% sodium azide |
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以下是3篇关于PD-1抗体的关键文献概览：
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1. **文献名称**：Pembrolizumab versus Ipilimumab in Advanced Melanoma
**作者**：Robert, C. et al.
**摘要**：该III期临床试验(KEYNOTE-006)证实，抗PD-1抗体Pembrolizumab在晚期黑色素瘤患者中显著延长无进展生存期和总生存期，且副作用低于CTLA-4抑制剂Ipilimumab，奠定了PD-1抗体作为一线治疗的地位。
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2. **文献名称**：Nivolumab versus Docetaxel in Advanced Squamous-Cell Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer
**作者**：Brahmer, J. et al.
**摘要**：研究显示，抗PD-1抗体Nivolumab在晚期鳞状非小细胞肺癌患者中，相比标准化疗(多西他赛)显著提高总生存率(12个月生存率42% vs. 24%)，并改善患者生活质量，推动了PD-1抗体在肺癌中的应用。
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3. **文献名称**：PD-1 and its ligands in tolerance and immunity
**作者**：Sharpe, A.H. et al.
**摘要**：这篇综述系统解析了PD-1及其配体(PD-L1/PD-L2)在免疫调控中的核心机制，包括抑制T细胞活化、维持外周耐受，并探讨了阻断PD-1通路在增强抗肿瘤免疫应答中的科学依据。
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4. **文献名称**：Primary Resistance to PD-1 Blockade Mediated by JAK1/2 Mutations
**作者**：Zaretsky, J.M. et al.
**摘要**：该研究发现，肿瘤细胞中JAK1/2基因突变可能导致PD-1抗体治疗的原发性耐药，揭示了耐药机制与干扰素信号通路受损相关，为克服耐药性提供了新靶点。
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**注**：以上文献均发表于《新英格兰医学杂志》(NEJM)或《自然》(Nature)等顶级期刊，涵盖临床突破、机制解析及耐药研究，反映了PD-1抗体在肿瘤治疗中的多维进展。
**Background of PD-1 Antibodies**
Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) is an immune checkpoint receptor expressed on activated T cells, playing a critical role in maintaining immune tolerance by suppressing excessive immune responses. Its ligands, PD-L1 and PD-L2. are often overexpressed by tumor cells or stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment. Binding of PD-1 to PD-L1/L2 inhibits T-cell activation, enabling tumors to evade immune surveillance—a mechanism termed "immune escape."
PD-1 antibodies, such as nivolumab and pembrolizumab, are monoclonal antibodies designed to block this interaction, thereby restoring T-cell-mediated antitumor immunity. Developed in the 2010s, these agents marked a breakthrough in cancer immunotherapy. Clinical trials demonstrated remarkable efficacy in multiple cancers, including melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer, and Hodgkin’s lymphoma, leading to FDA approvals starting in 2014.
PD-1 inhibitors are now cornerstone therapies in oncology, often used as first-line or salvage treatments. They are generally well-tolerated but can trigger immune-related adverse events due to overactivation of the immune system. Ongoing research focuses on optimizing combination strategies (e.g., with chemotherapy, targeted therapy, or other immune checkpoint inhibitors) and identifying predictive biomarkers (e.g., PD-L1 expression, tumor mutational burden) to enhance patient selection and outcomes. PD-1 antibodies exemplify the shift toward precision immuno-oncology, transforming survival prospects for previously untreatable cancers.
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